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Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1999 Ahmad F, Parvathaneni L, Silver MA. Utility and economic benefit of thoracic bioimpedance in critical care patients. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1999;1(5). Critical Care   "The data showed that useful hemodynamic data may be obtained from TEB; this determination is rapid, without risk, and of markedly lowe cost. Importantly, TEB data attenuated PAC placement in at least 71% of patients; of the PACs that were placed, most were due to physician preference alne and in each case, the data obtained wit the PAC corresponded to the data obtained with TEB measurement."
1999 Alsabrook G, Lazio L, Lasater M. Noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic characteristics in an episode of sustained narrow-complex tachycardia. American Journal of Critical Care. 1999;8(4):243-245. Critical Care      
1999 Antonicelli R, Savonitto Gambini C, Tomassini PF, Sardina M, Paciaroni E. Impedance cardiography for repeated determination of stroke volume in elderly hypertensives: Correlation with pulsed doppler echocardiography. Angiology. 1999;42(8):648-653.   Hypertension "In this double-blind, crossover study the authors have validated stroke volume determination by impedance cardiography against the pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method in elderly hypertensives. They found a good correlation between the stroke volume values obtained by the two methods over a range of values from 30 to 130 mL. The coefficient of linear regression was about .95 at each visit. The mean of the differences was -0.73 mL with a standard deviation of 8.46. From the distribution of the data around the mean plot it appears that, in comparison with pulsed Doppler, impedance cardiography tends to slightly underestimate stroke volumes of greater than 90 mL and to overestimate values of less than 50 mL. The results of this study indicate that impedance cardiography may represent a reliable alternative to pulsed Doppler echocardiography for the noninvasive estimation of cardiac output at rest in elderly patients."  
1999 Belott P. Bioimpedance in the pacemaker clinic. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):414-418. Outpatient Pacing "The availability of this additional data can assist the clinician in the objective determination of the optimal atrioventricular delay for individual patients."
1999 Belott P. The effect of alteration of AV intervals in patients with varying degrees of AV block as measured with the BioZ system of thoracic electrical bioimpedance. The Pacemaker Clinic. El Cajon, CA (unpublished abstract). Outpatient Pacing "Patients with underlying first degree AV block may show the greatest benefit from optimizing AV delay. Noninvasive monitoring via thoracic bioimpedance is a useful clinical tool in DDD pacemaker optimization, taking only minutes to perform."  
1999 Christensen TB, Jensen BV, Hjerpe J, Kanstrup IL. Cardiac output measured by electric bioimpedance compared with the CO2 rebreathing technique at different exercise levels. Clinical Physiology. 2000;20(2):101-105.   Accuracy    
1999 Critchley LA, Critchley AJ. A meta-analysis of studies using bias and precision statistics to compare cardiac output measurement techniques. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 1999;15:85-91. Critical Care Accuracy    
1999 Crystal E et al. Cardiac output-based versus empirically programmed AV interval - how different are they? Eurospace. 1999;1:121-125.   Pacing "In patients with dual chamber pacemakers due to AV block and otherwise normal hearts, empirically selected AV intervals may lead to compromise of cardiac hemodynamics. Optimal AV intervals may be selected by serial cardiac output measurements."  
1999 Cybulski G, Krzeminski K, Niewiadomski W, Nazar K. The influence of endurance training on the transient haemodynamic response to orthostatic manoeuvre. Journal of Physiology Pharmacology. 1999;50(2):275-286.   Hypotension    
1999 Faes TJ et al. Towards a theoretical understanding of stroke volume estimation with impedance cardiography. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;873:128-34.   Technology and Application    
1999 Gilbert J, Lazio L. Managing congestive heart failure with thoracic electrical bioimpedance. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):400-405. Outpatient Heart Failure "The ability of TEB monitoring to provide objective data in the management of CHF provides practitioners with the clinical reassurance to optimize pharamcologic therapy safely."
1999 Gotshall RW et al. Bioelectrical impedance as an index of thoracic fluid. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1999;70(1):58-61.   Fluid Management    
1999 Gotshall RW, Davrath LR, Sadeh WZ. Validation of impedance cardiography during lower body negative pressure. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1999;70(1):6-10. LBNP Accuracy    
1999 Greenberg BH. TEB measurement of CO is highly reproducible in heart failure patients. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1999;1(5). Outpatient Reproducibility "These results suggest that BioZ measurements are a sensitive way to detect changes in cardiac performance during follow-up of outpatients with heart failure and that they should help detect the effects of drugs or deterioration in cardiac function over time."
1999 Hendrickson K. Cost-effectiveness of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):419-426. Critical Care   "Direct expenditures in the treatment of heart failure are expected to exceed $18 billion in the United States in 1998. The greatest portion of these costs is attributable to the frequency of acute heart failure episodes that require emergency treatment and hospital admission. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitoring provides the mechanism to optimize medication dosages safely in the patient with congestive heart failure per the Agency fo Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guidelines. TEB enables clinicians to more aggressively medically manage their patients and avoid continuing decompensation."
1999 Kerkkamp HJ, Heethaar R. A comparison of bioimpedance and echocardiography in measuring systolic heart function in cardiac patients. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;873:149-154.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 Kerkkamp HJJ et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance evaluation in chronic heart failure. Unpublished manuscript.   Heart Failure    
1999 Lasater M. Managing inotrope therapy noninvasively. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):406-413. Outpatient and Inpatient IV inotropic therapy "Thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitoring of patients receiving inotrope therapy provides objective documentation of drug efficacy, developing tolerance, and optimal dosage."
1999 Littmann L, Lasater M. Cost-effectiveness of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring as a screening tool prior to initiation of inotrope infusion. The Journal of Cardiovascular Management.1999:29-30. Inpatient IV inotropic therapy "Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring, through the technology of thoracic electrical bioimpedance, provides an excellent screening tool prior to the initiation of costly intravenous inotropic therapy. It can be used to guide therapeutic decisions, such as diuresis, in a patient who is acutely decompensated. It is extremely cost-effective, and poses no risk to the patient."  
1999 Mattar JA, Rezende EA, Luzzi S, Christ LC, Duarte PA, Freitas DE, Souza JMA. The mechanism of reduced stroke index comparing supine and prone position in healthy adult subjects: Role of systolic time interval by thoracic impedance. Presented at the Society of Critical Care Medicine 28th Educational and Scientific Symposium, 1999. Critical Care Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 McFetridge J, Sherwood A. Impedance cardiography for noninvasive measurements of cardiovascular hemodynamics. Nursing Research. 1999;48(2):109-113.   Technology and Application    
1999 Mezzacappa ES et al. The effects of epinephrine administration on impedance cardiographic measures of cardiovascular function. Int J Psychophysiol. 1999:31(3):189-196.   IV inotropic therapy    
1999 Milzman D et al. Acute treatment of heart failure with impedance cardiography monitoring of cardiac index and the ability to improve patient outcome. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(12):A47. ED Heart Failure "The routine use of noninvasive ICG monitoring of cardiac index in the acute treatment of heart failure allows for better identification of patients who demonstrate early response to therapy and trend to shorter hospital stays and reduced hospital costs, improving patient outcomes."
1999 Milzman D et al. Occult perfusion deficits in heart failure patients: identification through noninvasive central hemodynamic monitoring. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(12):A88. ED Heart Failure "Prospective use of noninvasive cardiac output values allows the treating emergency physician to improve the initial determination of occult perfusion deficits in heart failure patients and allows for better outcomes." Abnormal CI predicted hospital days, mortality, and hospital charges while HR, BP, and temperature did not.
1999 Newman DG et al. The non-invasive assessment of stroke volume and cardiac output by impedance cardiography: a review. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999;70(8):780-9.   Technology and Application    
1999 Newman RB et al. Thoracic fluid conductivity in peripartum women with pulmonary edema. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999;94(1):48-51. OB Fluid Management    
1999 Osypka MJ, Bernstein DP. Electrophysiologic principles and theory of stroke volume determination by thoracic electrical bioimpedance. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):385-399. General Technology and Application "Measurement of SV by TEB is rooted in concrete, basic electrial theory, as well as in theoretical models of electrical behavior of the human thorax and great vessels."  
1999 Perko G, Perko MJ, Jansen E, Secher NH. Thoracic impedance as an index of body fluid balance during cardiac surgery. Acta Anesthesiol Scandinavia. 1999;35(7):568-571. Surgical Fluid Management    
1999 Raaijmakers E, Faes T, Scholten R, Goovaerts HG, Heethaar RM. A meta-analysis of three decades of validating thoracic impedance cardiography. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(6):1203-1213.   Accuracy    
1999 Ristovska V, Masin G, Ivanovski N, Lazarov L, Hristovski Z, Cakalaroski K, Polenakovic M. Bioelectric impedance in the estimation of hemodynamic and fluid status in dialysis patients. Acta Med Croatica 1999;53(2):67-71. Dialysis Fluid Management    
1999 Sageman W. Reliability and precision of a new thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitor in a lower body negative pressure model. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(9):1986-90. LBNP Accuracy    
1999 Scherhag A, Stastny J, Pfleger S, et al. Evaluation of systolic performance by automated impedance cardiography. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999 Apr 20;873:167-73.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 "Scherhag AW, Stastny J, Pfleger S, Voelker W, Heene DL. Evaluation of systolic performance by automated impedance cardiography. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999 873:167-73"   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 Scherhag AW, Stastny J, Pfleger S, Voelker W, Heene DL. Evaluation of systolic performance by automated impedance cardiography. Annals of the NY Academy of Science. 1999;873:167-173.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 Schwaab B, Frohlig G, Alexander C, Kinderman M, Hellwig N, Schwerdt H, Kirsch CM, Schieffer H. Influence of right ventricular stimulation site on left ventricular function in atrial synchronous ventricular pacing. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 1999;33(2):317-323.   Pacing "…if the AV delay is adapted individually, decreased QRS duration obtained by alternate pacing sites is significantly correlated with homogenization of left ventricular contraction and with increased systolic function in acute tests."  
1999 Shoemaker WC, Thangathurai D, Wo CJ, Kuchta K, Canas M, Sullivan MJ, Farlo J, Roffey P, Zellman V, Katz RL. Intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion in high-risk patients by invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(10):2147-2152. Surgical      
1999 Siebert J, Wtorek J, Rogowski J. Stoke volume variability--cardiovascular response to orthostatic maneuver in patients with coronary artery diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;873:182-90. Surgical      
1999 Silver MA, Ciance P, Lazzara DJ. Utility of outpatient thoracic bioimpedance measurements in patients with advanced heart failure. Heart Failure Institute, Christ Hospital and Medical Center. 1999. Outpatient Heart Failure "Even experience observers often have difficulty deciding on therapeutic options for patients with advanced heart failure. Inaccurate decisions can quickly lead to worsened clinical status, hypotension, azotemia, and emergent admission. Measurement of central hemodynamics can often guide these difficult decisions. In our series of patients, applications of ICG complemented clinical skill and judgment and allowed for improved clinical decision making. ICG is an important tool for assessing outpatients with advanced heart failure." ICG evaluation attenuated hospital admission in 6 of 8 cases (86%), helped improve volume status based on diuretic decisions in 8 of 9 patients (89%), and helped intensify pharmacological therapy in 20 of 20 patients (100%).  
1999 Silver MA, Lazzara D, Slaughter M, Szabo S, Pappas P. Thoracic bioimpedance accurately determines cardiac output in patients with left ventricular assist devices. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1999;1(5). Inpatient Heart Failure "…noninvasive measurement of CO using TEB in patients with LVAD is accurate and provides an assessment of total CO. These measurements were consistently accurate across a wide range of ages and post-operative days. Based on this reliability we have been successful in weaning patients using a novel new LVAD weaning protocol. Further, using TEB avoided additional risk and expense in our patients with LVADs. TEB measurement is a useful tool in assessing CO in patients with LVADs as well as providing the ability to wean patients. TEB is also a useful tool in assessing degree of recovery of left ventricular function during periods of reduced LVAD support. Utilization of TEB also reduces cost and risk for these patients."  
1999 Silver MA, Ventura HO. Difficult cases in heart failure. Congestive Heart Failure. 1999;5:235-237. Inpatient Pacing "Changes in the dual chamber pacemaker settings, more importantly the atrioventricular interval, allowed improvement in this patient not only in cardiac output but also in resolution of the symptoms. "…it is very important to maintain normal atrioventricular conduction and having a noninvasive technique that is useful in measuring accurate hemodynamic parameters becomes of paramount importance." "... the application of this technique in the outpatient setting during the follow up period allows the physician to correlate the clinical improvement with changes in the hemodynamic parameter, longitudinally." "We have shown that this technique is useful to maximize pacemaker function in order to achieve optimal cardiac output in a patient with right ventricular failure secondary to a right ventricular infarction."  
1999 Summers RL et al. Diagnostic uses for thoracic electrical bioimpedance in the emergency department: clinical case series. European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1999;6:1-7. ED Dyspnea "The inexpensive and non-invasive nature of the TEB measurement makes cardiac output determination a potential sixth vital sign for the evaluation of the emergent patient."  
1999 Summers RL, Kolb J, Woodward LH, Galli R. Differentiating systolic from diastolic heart failure using impedance cardiography. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1999;6(7):693-699. ED Heart Failure "Impedance cardiography measures of contractility and diastolic time intervals are a potentially effective method for differentiating the dominant mechanisms of CHF in the emergent setting and categorizing CHF patients into different subsets."  
1999 Summers RL, Woodward L. Correlation of radiographic cardiothoracic ratio with cardiac function in patients with acute congestive heart failure. Emergency Radiology. 1999;6:153-156. ED Heart Failure    
1999 Taler SJ, Augustine J, Schwartz L, Textor SC. Hemodynamics of resistant hypertension in the current era. American Journal of Hypertension. 1999;12:6A-7A. Outpatient Hypertension "Hemodynamic measurements demonstrated persistent systemic vasoconstriction and expanded CPV reflected by low (postural change in) TEB and plasma renin (52%<0.6). These results argue that despite potent blood pressure medications available, treatment failure reflects combined disturbances of volume and vascular tone."
1999 Tsadok S. The historical evolution of bioimpedance. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):371-384. General Technology and Application "These measurements, which are gathered noninvasively and continously, have become more sophisticated and more accurate with the development of data signal processing and improved mathematical algorithms."
1999 van der Meer BJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Bax JJ, Kamp O, de Vries PM. Non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function by means of impedance cardiography. Acta Anesthesiol Scandinavia. 1999;43(2):130-134.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 van der Meer BJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Kamp O, de Vries PM. Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output: Two methods compared in patients with mitral regurgitation. Angiology. 1999;50(2):95-101.   Mitral Valve Disease    
1999 van der Meer JF, Noordegraaf AV, Kamp O, de Vries PM. Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output: two methods compared in patients with mitral regurgitation. Angiology. 1999;50(2):95-101.   Mitral Valve Disease    
1999 Velmahos GC, Wo CJ, Demetriades D, Murray JA, Cornwell EE, Asensio JA, Belzberg H, Shoemaker WC. Invasive and noninvasive physiological monitoring of blunt trauma patients in the early period after emergency admission. Int Surg. 1999;84:354-360. ED Shock    
1999 Velmahos GC, Wo CJ, Demetriades D, Shoemaker WC. Early continuous noninvasive haemodynamic monitoring after severe blunt trauma. Injury. International Journal of the Care of the Injured. 1999;30:209-214. Critical Care Shock    
1999 Von Rueden KT et al. A new approach to hemodynamic monitoring. RN. 1999;62(8):52-7.   Technology and Application    
1999 Von Rueden KT, Turner MA. Advances in continuous, noninvasive hemodynamic surveillance: Impedance cardiography. Critical Care Nursing Clinical North America. 1999;11(1):63-75. Critical Care Technology and Application    
1999 Warburton D, Haykowsky M, Quinney A, Humen D, Koon T. Reliability and validity of measures of cardiac output during incremental to maximal aerobic exercise. Sports Medicine. 1999;27(2):23-41.   Exercise Testing    
1999 Wright RF. A prospective analysis of outcomes associated with changes in therapy prompted by impedance cardiography data. Pacific Heart Institute. 1999. Outpatient Heart Failure "Targeted use of ACE inhibitors and diuretics, guided through readings of systemic vascular resistance and thoracic fluid content provided by impedance cardiography data, contributed to a less than 5% hospitalization rate in this 82 patient population compared with a reported national average of 18%. At an average cost per hospitalization of $6,400, preventing a total of 37 admissions saved a total of $236,800 in one ear. In consideration of the 4.8 million patients with congestive heart failure currently in the US, potential cost savings through ICG-guided pharmacological therapy are significant."  
1999 Yung GL, Fletcher CC, Fedullo PF, Johnson FW, Kinninger K, Knowlton KU, Channick RN. Noninvasive cardiac index using bioimpedance in comparison to direct fick and thermodilution methods in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1999;116(4):281S. Cath Lab Accuracy "the accuracy of TEB CI was not significantly different to that of TD CI when correlated with Fick CI. The accuracy of TEB compares favorably to the thermodilution method. TEB is a convenient, less costly alternative that is not associated with the complications of right heart catheterization."
1999 Zacek P, Kunes P, Kobzovia, Dominik J. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance versus thermodilution in patients post open-heart surgery. Acta Medica. 1999;42:19-23. Surgical Accuracy    
1999 Zerahn B, Jensen BV, Olsen F, Peterson JR, Kanstrup, IL. The effect of thoracentesis on lung function and transthoracic electrical bioimpedance. Respiratory Medicine. 1999;93(3):196-201. Surgical Fluid Management    
1999 Ziegler D, Grotti L, Krucke G. Comparison of cardiac output measurements by TEB vs. intermittent bolus thermodilution in mechanical ventilated patients. Chest. 1999;116(4):281S. Critical Care Accuracy "The TEB system is noinvasive and virtually risk-free. The CO measured by TEB has good correlation with intermittent bolus thermodilution in most patients requiring mechanical ventilation."
1999 Zubarev M, Dumler A, Shutov V, Popov N. Assessment of left ventricular systolic function and diastolic time intervals by the bioimpedance polyrheocardiographic system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;273:191-6.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1998 Becker K. Resolved: a pulmonary artery catheter should be used in the management of the critically ill patient. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1998;12(2)Suppl 1:13-16. Critical Care   "Studies by Clancy et al and Shoemaker et al have shown a close correlation between cardiac output measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance and by thermodilution. The cost of use of bioimpedance is approximately $600 less than the cost for use of a PAC."  
1998 Bogaard HJ, Woltjer HH, Dekker BM, Arntzen BW, van Keimpema AR, Postmus PE. The haemodynamic response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Assessment by impedance cardiography. European Respiratory Journal. 1998;12:374-379.   Exercise Testing    
1998 Breithaupt-Grogler K et al. Blood pressure and aortic elastic properties--verapamil SR/trandolapril compared to a metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.1998;36(8):425-31.   Hypertension    
1998 Cornish BH, Thomas BJ, Ward LC. Effect of temperature and sweating on bioimpedance measurements. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1998;49(5-6):475-6.   Technology and Application    
1998 Critchley LA. Electrical Bioimpedance for noninvasive cardiac measurement. Critical Care Medicine (Letter to Editor). 1998;26(8):1460. Critical Care Accuracy    
1998 Critchley LA. Impedance cardiography: the impact of new technology. Anaesthesia. 1998;53:677-684. Surgical Accuracy    
1998 Critchley LAH et al. Lung fluid and impedance cardiography. Anaesthesia. 1998;53:369-381.   Fluid Management Only 2 patients.  
1998 Daniel T, Francaux M, Michotte de Welle J, Sturbois X. Impedance cardiography applied to maximal arm cranking exercise: A matter of sampling and processing strategy. Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 1998;1321-1327.   Exercise Testing    
1998 Diaco NV, Sageman SW, Speiss BD, Williams BR, Belott P, Ohmori K, DeMaria AN. The COST study: A multicenter trial comparing measurement of cardiac output by thoracic electrical bioimpedance with thermodilution. Circulation 1998: Abstracts of the 47th Annual Scientific Sessions. Inpatient Accuracy "TEB is an easily applied, non-invasive modality capable of providing continuous measurement of CO. Reliable CO can be obtained by both TEB and TD. Measurement of CO using refined instrumentation shows a good correlation with TD. TEB can be of value in the non-invasive assessment in patients with cardiac disorders."  
1998 Dillon RS. Improved Hemodynamics shown by continuous monitoring of electrical impedance during extenal counterpulsation with the end-diastolic pneumatic boot and improved ambulatory ekg monitoring after 3 weeks of therapy. Angiology. 1998;49(7):523-535. EECP CAD    
1998 Espinosa JD et al. Vascular dysfunction in hypertension evaluated by noninvasive assessment of arterial impedance. Medicina (B Aires) 1998;58(3):319-26.   Hypertension    
1998 Evans WD, McClagish H, Trudgett C. Factors affecting the in vivo precision of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1998;49(5-6):485-487.   Technology and Application    
1998 Genoni , Pelosi P, Romand JA, Pedoto A, Moccetti, Malacrida R. Determination of cardiac output during mechanical ventilation by electrical bioimpedance or thermodilution in patients with acute lung injury: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. Critical Care Medicine. 1998;26:1441-1445. Critical Care Accuracy    
1998 Gratze G, Fortin J, Holler A, et al. A software package for non-invasive real-time beat to beat monitoring of stroke volume blood pressure total peripheral resistance and for assessment of autonomic function. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 1998;28:121-142.   Technology and Application    
1998 Hayes DL, Hayes SN, Hyberger LK. Atrioventricular interval optimization technique: Impedance measurements vs. echo doppler. Pacing and Electrophysiology. 1998;21(4):969. Outpatient Pacing "...demonstrates the feasibility and greater ease of use of this new impedance technique to determine CO with excellent correlation with Echo/Doppler values." "…the impedance derived cardiac output values may be adequate for AVI optimization more efficiently and potentially at a lower cost."  
1998 Huch KM, Wall BM, Mangold TA, Bobal MA, Cooke CR. Hemodynamic response to vasopressin in dehydrated human subjects. Journal of Investigative Medicine. 1998;46(6):312-318.   Hypotension    
1998 Korsten HH, Roos AN. Noninvasive monitoring by electrical impedance techniques: will it ever be an accepted clinical tool? Critical Care Medicine. 1998;26(3):425.   Accuracy    
1998 Lasater M. The view within: The emerging technology of thoracic electrical bioimpedance. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 1998;21(3):97-101. Critical Care Technology and Application "…noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring, through the technology of thoracic electrical bioimpedance, is an emerging medical trend based on clinical efficacy, patient safety, and cost-effectiveness. TEB is a valuable adjunct to patient assessment and treatment across health care settings and provides the clinican with a chance to "view within."  
1998 Laszlo Z, Rossler A, Hinghofer-Szalkay HG. Cardiovascular changes during and after different LBNP levels in men. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1998;69(1):32-9. LBNP Accuracy    
1998 Lernfelt B, Landahl S, Johansson P, Seligman L, Aberg J. Hemodynamic and renal effects of felodipine in young and elderly subjects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1998;54(8):595-601.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Lovallo WR, Al'Absi M. Hemodynamics during rest and behavioral stress in normotensive men at high risk for hypertension. Psychophysiology. 1998;35:47-53.   Hypertension "High risk men had raised systolic/diastolic pressures and higher vascular resistance with minimal differences in heart rate and cardiac output. This finding implicates vascular resistance as the altered element in BP control in these high risk men tested in a familiar environment with minimal task-related threat."  
1998 Madsen P, Svendsen LB, Jorgensen LG, Matzen S, Jansen E, secher N. Tolerance to head-up tilt and suspension with elevated legs. Avaiation, space and Environmental Medicine. 1998;69(8):781-784.   Hypotension    
1998 Marrocco A, Eskin B, Nashed AH, Allegra JR, Mandell M. Noninvasive bioimpedance monitoring differentiates cardiogenic from pulmonary causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1998;5(5):476-477. ED Dyspnea "BioZ measurements can differentiate cardiogenic from pulmonary causes of acute dyspnea."  
1998 Milzman D et al. Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring improves the acute resuscitation of congestive heart failure in the ED beyond vital signs. Critical Care Medicine. 1998;26(1)(suppl):A62. ED Heart Failure    
1998 Milzman D et al. Thoracic impedance monitoring of cardiac output in the ED improves heart failure resuscitation. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1998;4(3)(1 suppl):30. ED Heart Failure    
1998 Milzman DP, Hogan C, Zlindenny A, et al. The utility of thoracic impedance to evaluate chest radiograph changes from acute heart failure patients in the emergency department. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1998;4(3)(suppl):37. ED Fluid Management    
1998 Morrocco A, Eskin B, Nashed A, Allegra J, Mandell M, Noninvasive bioimpedance monitoring differentiates cardiogenic from pulmonary causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1998;5(5):476-477. ED Dyspnea  
1998 Nawarycz T, Ostrowska-Nawarycz L, Kaczmarek J. Impact of cardiovascular reactions using the impedance cardiography method in borderline hypertension. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Bioimpedance, April 5-9, 1998. Riu PJ, Rosell J, Bragós R, Casas O. (eds.) Annals New York Academy of Sciences. pp. 174-181.   Hypertension "The use of impedance cardiography and graphic presentation of the hemodynamic state in the system of coordinates -- medium blood pressure--cardiac index--provides a clear method for the evaluation of the cardiovascular system reactions under the conditions of vegetative provocation."  
1998 Pfitzmann R, Muller J, Grauhan O, Cohnert T, Hetzer R. Measuring bioelectric myocardial impedance as a noninvasive method for diagnosis of graft rejection after heart transplantation. Z Kardiol. 1998;87(4):258-266. Animal Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Raajmakers E et al. The influence of extravascular lung water on cardiac output measurements using thoracic impedance cardiography. Physiol Meas.1998;19(4):491-9.   Accuracy    
1998 Shannon MT, Ramanathan S. An intravenous fluid bolus is not necessary before administration of intrathecal fentanyl for labor analgesia. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 1998;10:452-456. OB      
1998 Sherwood A, McFetridge J, Hutcheson JS. Ambulatory impedance cardiography: A feasibility study. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1998;85(6):2365-2369.   Ambulatory monitoring    
1998 Shoemaker WC, Belzberg H, Wo CJ, Milzman DP, Pasquale MD, Baga L, Fuss MA, Fulda GJ, Yarbrough K, Van deWater JP, Ferraro PJ, Thangathurai D, Roffey P, Welmahos G, Murray A, Asensio JA, ElTawil K, Rougherty WR, Sullivan MJ, Patil RS, Adibi J, James CB, Demetriades D. Multicenter study of noninvasive monitoring systems as alternatives to invasive monitoring of acutely ill emergency patients. CHEST. 1998;114:1643-1652. Critical Care Accuracy    
1998 Singer M. Cardiac output in 1998. Heart. 1998;79(5):425-8.   Technology and Application    
1998 Spiering W et al. Comparison of impedance cardiography and dye dilution method for measuring cardiac output. Heart. 1998;79(5):437-41.   Accuracy    
1998 Straver B, de Vries PM, ten Voorde BJ, Roggekamp MC, Donker AJ, ter Wee PM. Intradialytic hypotension in relation to pre-existent autonomic dysfunction hemodialysis patients. International Journal of Artificial Organs. 1998;21(12):794-801. Dialysis Hypotension    
1998 Straver B, Roggekamp MC, de Vries PM, ter Wee PM. Systemic vascular resistance in intradialytic hypotension determined by means of impedance cardiography. Blood Purification. 1998;16(5):281-289. Dialysis Hypotension    
1998 Sundberg S, Antila S, Scheinin H, Hayha M, Virtanen M, Lehtonen L. Integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel calcium sensitizer levosimendan as assessed by systolic time intervals. International Journal Clinical Pharmacology Therapies. 1998;36(12):629-635.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Velmahos GC. Invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring of patients with cerebrovascular accidents. West J Med. 1998;169(1):17-22. Critical Care Trauma    
1998 Verhoeve PE, Cadwell CA, Tsadok S. Reproducibility of noninvasive bioimpedance measurements of cardiac function. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1998:4(3)(suppl):53. Outpatient Reproducibility "The patient with cardiopulmonary disease can be reliably monitored for quantifiable hemodynamic measurements with this noninvasive method. Measurements are highly reproducible on same-day determinations and show device sensitivity to normal hemodynamic changes on inter-day measurements. The availability of expected hemodynamic ranges provides a baseline for objective determination of responses to therapeutic intervention."
1998 Waluga M. Cardiovascular effects of ephedrine, caffeine, and yohimbine measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance in obese women. Clin Physiol. 1998:18(1):69-76.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Ward CR, Gray JC, Gilroy JJ, Kenny RA. Midodrine: a role in the management of neurocardiogenic syncope. Heart. 1998;79:45-49.   Hypotension    
1998 Zdolsek HF et al. Non-invasive assessment of intercompartmental fluid shifts in burn victims. Burns. 1998;24(3):233-240. Burn Fluid Management    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1997 Barry BN, Mallick, Bodenham AR, Vucevic M. Lack of agreement between bioimpedance and continuous thermodilution measurement of cardiac output in intensive care unit patients. Critical Care. 1997;1(2):71-74. Critical Care Accuracy    
1997 Bernstein DP. Pulmonary artery catheterization: high-tech or obsolete procedure? (to the editor). Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997;85;1176-1182. Surgical Accuracy    
1997 Bogaard HJ, Woltjer HH, Dekker BM, van Keimpema AR, Postmus PE. Haemodynamic response to exercise in healthy young and elderly subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997;75(5):435-442.   Exercise Testing    
1997 Broomhead CJ, Wright SJ, Kiff KM, et al. Validation of thoracic electrical bioimpedance as a porcine research tool. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1997;78:323-5. Animal Accuracy    
1997 Cardus D, McTaggart WG. Cardiovascular effects of a sustained -Gz force in the horizontal position. Aviation, Spacem and Environmental Medicine. 1997;68(12):1099-103. LBNP Physiology    
1997 Clemens R. A noninvasive cardiac output monitor. Surgical Services Management. 1997;3(12):44-46. Surgical      
1997 Clontz RL. Advances in noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Medical Electronics. 1997;3:47-50. General Technology and Application    
1997 Galarza CR, Alfe J, Waisman GD, Mayorga LM, Camera LA, del Rio M, Vasvari F, Limansky R, Farias J, Tessler J, Camera MI. Diastolic pressure underestimates age-related hemodynamic impairment. Hypertension. 1997;30(4):809-816.   Hypertension "In summary, the present study, carried out in a large sample of hypertensive subjects with a wide age range, showed a simultaneous impairment of vascular resistance and arterial compliance associated with aging in different stages of hypertension."  
1997 Grassi B, Marconi C, Meyer M, Rieu M, Cerretelli P. Gas exchange and cardiovascular kinetics with different exercise protocols in heart transplant recipients. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997;82(6):1952-1962. Transplant Cardiac Function Assessment    
1997 Hartleb M et al. Cardiovascular status after postural change in compensated cirrhosis: an argument for vasodilatory control. Liver. 1997;17:1-6.   Hypotension    
1997 Kindermann M, Frohlig G, Doerr T, Schieffer H. Optimizing the AV delay in DDD pacemaker patients with high degree AV block: Mitral valve doppler versus impedance cardiography. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 1997;20(10-1):2453-2462.   Pacing "It is well established that AV timing is critical for optimizing left ventricular hemodynamics in patients paced with dual chamber pacemakers for high degree AV block and that every individual patient needs individual AV delay programming." "The wide range of pace-sense-offsets in this study indicates that fixed differential AV delays, which are offered by some manufacturers, are far from being physiological; programmability of the AV intervals for both atrial sensed and paced events are mandatory in modern pulse generators."  
1997 Marik PE, Penndelton JE, Smith R. A comparison of hemodynamic parameters derived from transthoracic electrical bioimpedance with those parameters obtained by thermodilution and ventricular angiography. Critical Care Medicine. 1997;25(9):1545-1550. Critical Care Accuracy    
1997