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Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1999 Ahmad F, Parvathaneni L, Silver MA. Utility and economic benefit of thoracic bioimpedance in critical care patients. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1999;1(5). Critical Care   "The data showed that useful hemodynamic data may be obtained from TEB; this determination is rapid, without risk, and of markedly lowe cost. Importantly, TEB data attenuated PAC placement in at least 71% of patients; of the PACs that were placed, most were due to physician preference alne and in each case, the data obtained wit the PAC corresponded to the data obtained with TEB measurement."
1999 Alsabrook G, Lazio L, Lasater M. Noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic characteristics in an episode of sustained narrow-complex tachycardia. American Journal of Critical Care. 1999;8(4):243-245. Critical Care      
1999 Antonicelli R, Savonitto Gambini C, Tomassini PF, Sardina M, Paciaroni E. Impedance cardiography for repeated determination of stroke volume in elderly hypertensives: Correlation with pulsed doppler echocardiography. Angiology. 1999;42(8):648-653.   Hypertension "In this double-blind, crossover study the authors have validated stroke volume determination by impedance cardiography against the pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method in elderly hypertensives. They found a good correlation between the stroke volume values obtained by the two methods over a range of values from 30 to 130 mL. The coefficient of linear regression was about .95 at each visit. The mean of the differences was -0.73 mL with a standard deviation of 8.46. From the distribution of the data around the mean plot it appears that, in comparison with pulsed Doppler, impedance cardiography tends to slightly underestimate stroke volumes of greater than 90 mL and to overestimate values of less than 50 mL. The results of this study indicate that impedance cardiography may represent a reliable alternative to pulsed Doppler echocardiography for the noninvasive estimation of cardiac output at rest in elderly patients."  
1999 Belott P. Bioimpedance in the pacemaker clinic. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):414-418. Outpatient Pacing "The availability of this additional data can assist the clinician in the objective determination of the optimal atrioventricular delay for individual patients."
1999 Belott P. The effect of alteration of AV intervals in patients with varying degrees of AV block as measured with the BioZ system of thoracic electrical bioimpedance. The Pacemaker Clinic. El Cajon, CA (unpublished abstract). Outpatient Pacing "Patients with underlying first degree AV block may show the greatest benefit from optimizing AV delay. Noninvasive monitoring via thoracic bioimpedance is a useful clinical tool in DDD pacemaker optimization, taking only minutes to perform."  
1999 Christensen TB, Jensen BV, Hjerpe J, Kanstrup IL. Cardiac output measured by electric bioimpedance compared with the CO2 rebreathing technique at different exercise levels. Clinical Physiology. 2000;20(2):101-105.   Accuracy    
1999 Critchley LA, Critchley AJ. A meta-analysis of studies using bias and precision statistics to compare cardiac output measurement techniques. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 1999;15:85-91. Critical Care Accuracy    
1999 Crystal E et al. Cardiac output-based versus empirically programmed AV interval - how different are they? Eurospace. 1999;1:121-125.   Pacing "In patients with dual chamber pacemakers due to AV block and otherwise normal hearts, empirically selected AV intervals may lead to compromise of cardiac hemodynamics. Optimal AV intervals may be selected by serial cardiac output measurements."  
1999 Cybulski G, Krzeminski K, Niewiadomski W, Nazar K. The influence of endurance training on the transient haemodynamic response to orthostatic manoeuvre. Journal of Physiology Pharmacology. 1999;50(2):275-286.   Hypotension    
1999 Faes TJ et al. Towards a theoretical understanding of stroke volume estimation with impedance cardiography. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;873:128-34.   Technology and Application    
1999 Gilbert J, Lazio L. Managing congestive heart failure with thoracic electrical bioimpedance. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):400-405. Outpatient Heart Failure "The ability of TEB monitoring to provide objective data in the management of CHF provides practitioners with the clinical reassurance to optimize pharamcologic therapy safely."
1999 Gotshall RW et al. Bioelectrical impedance as an index of thoracic fluid. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1999;70(1):58-61.   Fluid Management    
1999 Gotshall RW, Davrath LR, Sadeh WZ. Validation of impedance cardiography during lower body negative pressure. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1999;70(1):6-10. LBNP Accuracy    
1999 Greenberg BH. TEB measurement of CO is highly reproducible in heart failure patients. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1999;1(5). Outpatient Reproducibility "These results suggest that BioZ measurements are a sensitive way to detect changes in cardiac performance during follow-up of outpatients with heart failure and that they should help detect the effects of drugs or deterioration in cardiac function over time."
1999 Hendrickson K. Cost-effectiveness of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):419-426. Critical Care   "Direct expenditures in the treatment of heart failure are expected to exceed $18 billion in the United States in 1998. The greatest portion of these costs is attributable to the frequency of acute heart failure episodes that require emergency treatment and hospital admission. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitoring provides the mechanism to optimize medication dosages safely in the patient with congestive heart failure per the Agency fo Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guidelines. TEB enables clinicians to more aggressively medically manage their patients and avoid continuing decompensation."
1999 Kerkkamp HJ, Heethaar R. A comparison of bioimpedance and echocardiography in measuring systolic heart function in cardiac patients. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;873:149-154.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 Kerkkamp HJJ et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance evaluation in chronic heart failure. Unpublished manuscript.   Heart Failure    
1999 Lasater M. Managing inotrope therapy noninvasively. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):406-413. Outpatient and Inpatient IV inotropic therapy "Thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitoring of patients receiving inotrope therapy provides objective documentation of drug efficacy, developing tolerance, and optimal dosage."
1999 Littmann L, Lasater M. Cost-effectiveness of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring as a screening tool prior to initiation of inotrope infusion. The Journal of Cardiovascular Management.1999:29-30. Inpatient IV inotropic therapy "Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring, through the technology of thoracic electrical bioimpedance, provides an excellent screening tool prior to the initiation of costly intravenous inotropic therapy. It can be used to guide therapeutic decisions, such as diuresis, in a patient who is acutely decompensated. It is extremely cost-effective, and poses no risk to the patient."  
1999 Mattar JA, Rezende EA, Luzzi S, Christ LC, Duarte PA, Freitas DE, Souza JMA. The mechanism of reduced stroke index comparing supine and prone position in healthy adult subjects: Role of systolic time interval by thoracic impedance. Presented at the Society of Critical Care Medicine 28th Educational and Scientific Symposium, 1999. Critical Care Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 McFetridge J, Sherwood A. Impedance cardiography for noninvasive measurements of cardiovascular hemodynamics. Nursing Research. 1999;48(2):109-113.   Technology and Application    
1999 Mezzacappa ES et al. The effects of epinephrine administration on impedance cardiographic measures of cardiovascular function. Int J Psychophysiol. 1999:31(3):189-196.   IV inotropic therapy    
1999 Milzman D et al. Acute treatment of heart failure with impedance cardiography monitoring of cardiac index and the ability to improve patient outcome. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(12):A47. ED Heart Failure "The routine use of noninvasive ICG monitoring of cardiac index in the acute treatment of heart failure allows for better identification of patients who demonstrate early response to therapy and trend to shorter hospital stays and reduced hospital costs, improving patient outcomes."
1999 Milzman D et al. Occult perfusion deficits in heart failure patients: identification through noninvasive central hemodynamic monitoring. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(12):A88. ED Heart Failure "Prospective use of noninvasive cardiac output values allows the treating emergency physician to improve the initial determination of occult perfusion deficits in heart failure patients and allows for better outcomes." Abnormal CI predicted hospital days, mortality, and hospital charges while HR, BP, and temperature did not.
1999 Newman DG et al. The non-invasive assessment of stroke volume and cardiac output by impedance cardiography: a review. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999;70(8):780-9.   Technology and Application    
1999 Newman RB et al. Thoracic fluid conductivity in peripartum women with pulmonary edema. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999;94(1):48-51. OB Fluid Management    
1999 Osypka MJ, Bernstein DP. Electrophysiologic principles and theory of stroke volume determination by thoracic electrical bioimpedance. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):385-399. General Technology and Application "Measurement of SV by TEB is rooted in concrete, basic electrial theory, as well as in theoretical models of electrical behavior of the human thorax and great vessels."  
1999 Perko G, Perko MJ, Jansen E, Secher NH. Thoracic impedance as an index of body fluid balance during cardiac surgery. Acta Anesthesiol Scandinavia. 1999;35(7):568-571. Surgical Fluid Management    
1999 Raaijmakers E, Faes T, Scholten R, Goovaerts HG, Heethaar RM. A meta-analysis of three decades of validating thoracic impedance cardiography. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(6):1203-1213.   Accuracy    
1999 Ristovska V, Masin G, Ivanovski N, Lazarov L, Hristovski Z, Cakalaroski K, Polenakovic M. Bioelectric impedance in the estimation of hemodynamic and fluid status in dialysis patients. Acta Med Croatica 1999;53(2):67-71. Dialysis Fluid Management    
1999 Sageman W. Reliability and precision of a new thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitor in a lower body negative pressure model. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(9):1986-90. LBNP Accuracy    
1999 Scherhag A, Stastny J, Pfleger S, et al. Evaluation of systolic performance by automated impedance cardiography. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999 Apr 20;873:167-73.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 "Scherhag AW, Stastny J, Pfleger S, Voelker W, Heene DL. Evaluation of systolic performance by automated impedance cardiography. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999 873:167-73"   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 Scherhag AW, Stastny J, Pfleger S, Voelker W, Heene DL. Evaluation of systolic performance by automated impedance cardiography. Annals of the NY Academy of Science. 1999;873:167-173.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 Schwaab B, Frohlig G, Alexander C, Kinderman M, Hellwig N, Schwerdt H, Kirsch CM, Schieffer H. Influence of right ventricular stimulation site on left ventricular function in atrial synchronous ventricular pacing. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 1999;33(2):317-323.   Pacing "…if the AV delay is adapted individually, decreased QRS duration obtained by alternate pacing sites is significantly correlated with homogenization of left ventricular contraction and with increased systolic function in acute tests."  
1999 Shoemaker WC, Thangathurai D, Wo CJ, Kuchta K, Canas M, Sullivan MJ, Farlo J, Roffey P, Zellman V, Katz RL. Intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion in high-risk patients by invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(10):2147-2152. Surgical      
1999 Siebert J, Wtorek J, Rogowski J. Stoke volume variability--cardiovascular response to orthostatic maneuver in patients with coronary artery diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;873:182-90. Surgical      
1999 Silver MA, Ciance P, Lazzara DJ. Utility of outpatient thoracic bioimpedance measurements in patients with advanced heart failure. Heart Failure Institute, Christ Hospital and Medical Center. 1999. Outpatient Heart Failure "Even experience observers often have difficulty deciding on therapeutic options for patients with advanced heart failure. Inaccurate decisions can quickly lead to worsened clinical status, hypotension, azotemia, and emergent admission. Measurement of central hemodynamics can often guide these difficult decisions. In our series of patients, applications of ICG complemented clinical skill and judgment and allowed for improved clinical decision making. ICG is an important tool for assessing outpatients with advanced heart failure." ICG evaluation attenuated hospital admission in 6 of 8 cases (86%), helped improve volume status based on diuretic decisions in 8 of 9 patients (89%), and helped intensify pharmacological therapy in 20 of 20 patients (100%).  
1999 Silver MA, Lazzara D, Slaughter M, Szabo S, Pappas P. Thoracic bioimpedance accurately determines cardiac output in patients with left ventricular assist devices. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1999;1(5). Inpatient Heart Failure "…noninvasive measurement of CO using TEB in patients with LVAD is accurate and provides an assessment of total CO. These measurements were consistently accurate across a wide range of ages and post-operative days. Based on this reliability we have been successful in weaning patients using a novel new LVAD weaning protocol. Further, using TEB avoided additional risk and expense in our patients with LVADs. TEB measurement is a useful tool in assessing CO in patients with LVADs as well as providing the ability to wean patients. TEB is also a useful tool in assessing degree of recovery of left ventricular function during periods of reduced LVAD support. Utilization of TEB also reduces cost and risk for these patients."  
1999 Silver MA, Ventura HO. Difficult cases in heart failure. Congestive Heart Failure. 1999;5:235-237. Inpatient Pacing "Changes in the dual chamber pacemaker settings, more importantly the atrioventricular interval, allowed improvement in this patient not only in cardiac output but also in resolution of the symptoms. "…it is very important to maintain normal atrioventricular conduction and having a noninvasive technique that is useful in measuring accurate hemodynamic parameters becomes of paramount importance." "... the application of this technique in the outpatient setting during the follow up period allows the physician to correlate the clinical improvement with changes in the hemodynamic parameter, longitudinally." "We have shown that this technique is useful to maximize pacemaker function in order to achieve optimal cardiac output in a patient with right ventricular failure secondary to a right ventricular infarction."  
1999 Summers RL et al. Diagnostic uses for thoracic electrical bioimpedance in the emergency department: clinical case series. European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1999;6:1-7. ED Dyspnea "The inexpensive and non-invasive nature of the TEB measurement makes cardiac output determination a potential sixth vital sign for the evaluation of the emergent patient."  
1999 Summers RL, Kolb J, Woodward LH, Galli R. Differentiating systolic from diastolic heart failure using impedance cardiography. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1999;6(7):693-699. ED Heart Failure "Impedance cardiography measures of contractility and diastolic time intervals are a potentially effective method for differentiating the dominant mechanisms of CHF in the emergent setting and categorizing CHF patients into different subsets."  
1999 Summers RL, Woodward L. Correlation of radiographic cardiothoracic ratio with cardiac function in patients with acute congestive heart failure. Emergency Radiology. 1999;6:153-156. ED Heart Failure    
1999 Taler SJ, Augustine J, Schwartz L, Textor SC. Hemodynamics of resistant hypertension in the current era. American Journal of Hypertension. 1999;12:6A-7A. Outpatient Hypertension "Hemodynamic measurements demonstrated persistent systemic vasoconstriction and expanded CPV reflected by low (postural change in) TEB and plasma renin (52%<0.6). These results argue that despite potent blood pressure medications available, treatment failure reflects combined disturbances of volume and vascular tone."
1999 Tsadok S. The historical evolution of bioimpedance. AACN Clinical Issues. 1999;10(3):371-384. General Technology and Application "These measurements, which are gathered noninvasively and continously, have become more sophisticated and more accurate with the development of data signal processing and improved mathematical algorithms."
1999 van der Meer BJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Bax JJ, Kamp O, de Vries PM. Non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function by means of impedance cardiography. Acta Anesthesiol Scandinavia. 1999;43(2):130-134.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1999 van der Meer BJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Kamp O, de Vries PM. Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output: Two methods compared in patients with mitral regurgitation. Angiology. 1999;50(2):95-101.   Mitral Valve Disease    
1999 van der Meer JF, Noordegraaf AV, Kamp O, de Vries PM. Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output: two methods compared in patients with mitral regurgitation. Angiology. 1999;50(2):95-101.   Mitral Valve Disease    
1999 Velmahos GC, Wo CJ, Demetriades D, Murray JA, Cornwell EE, Asensio JA, Belzberg H, Shoemaker WC. Invasive and noninvasive physiological monitoring of blunt trauma patients in the early period after emergency admission. Int Surg. 1999;84:354-360. ED Shock    
1999 Velmahos GC, Wo CJ, Demetriades D, Shoemaker WC. Early continuous noninvasive haemodynamic monitoring after severe blunt trauma. Injury. International Journal of the Care of the Injured. 1999;30:209-214. Critical Care Shock    
1999 Von Rueden KT et al. A new approach to hemodynamic monitoring. RN. 1999;62(8):52-7.   Technology and Application    
1999 Von Rueden KT, Turner MA. Advances in continuous, noninvasive hemodynamic surveillance: Impedance cardiography. Critical Care Nursing Clinical North America. 1999;11(1):63-75. Critical Care Technology and Application    
1999 Warburton D, Haykowsky M, Quinney A, Humen D, Koon T. Reliability and validity of measures of cardiac output during incremental to maximal aerobic exercise. Sports Medicine. 1999;27(2):23-41.   Exercise Testing    
1999 Wright RF. A prospective analysis of outcomes associated with changes in therapy prompted by impedance cardiography data. Pacific Heart Institute. 1999. Outpatient Heart Failure "Targeted use of ACE inhibitors and diuretics, guided through readings of systemic vascular resistance and thoracic fluid content provided by impedance cardiography data, contributed to a less than 5% hospitalization rate in this 82 patient population compared with a reported national average of 18%. At an average cost per hospitalization of $6,400, preventing a total of 37 admissions saved a total of $236,800 in one ear. In consideration of the 4.8 million patients with congestive heart failure currently in the US, potential cost savings through ICG-guided pharmacological therapy are significant."  
1999 Yung GL, Fletcher CC, Fedullo PF, Johnson FW, Kinninger K, Knowlton KU, Channick RN. Noninvasive cardiac index using bioimpedance in comparison to direct fick and thermodilution methods in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1999;116(4):281S. Cath Lab Accuracy "the accuracy of TEB CI was not significantly different to that of TD CI when correlated with Fick CI. The accuracy of TEB compares favorably to the thermodilution method. TEB is a convenient, less costly alternative that is not associated with the complications of right heart catheterization."
1999 Zacek P, Kunes P, Kobzovia, Dominik J. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance versus thermodilution in patients post open-heart surgery. Acta Medica. 1999;42:19-23. Surgical Accuracy    
1999 Zerahn B, Jensen BV, Olsen F, Peterson JR, Kanstrup, IL. The effect of thoracentesis on lung function and transthoracic electrical bioimpedance. Respiratory Medicine. 1999;93(3):196-201. Surgical Fluid Management    
1999 Ziegler D, Grotti L, Krucke G. Comparison of cardiac output measurements by TEB vs. intermittent bolus thermodilution in mechanical ventilated patients. Chest. 1999;116(4):281S. Critical Care Accuracy "The TEB system is noinvasive and virtually risk-free. The CO measured by TEB has good correlation with intermittent bolus thermodilution in most patients requiring mechanical ventilation."
1999 Zubarev M, Dumler A, Shutov V, Popov N. Assessment of left ventricular systolic function and diastolic time intervals by the bioimpedance polyrheocardiographic system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;273:191-6.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1998 Becker K. Resolved: a pulmonary artery catheter should be used in the management of the critically ill patient. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1998;12(2)Suppl 1:13-16. Critical Care   "Studies by Clancy et al and Shoemaker et al have shown a close correlation between cardiac output measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance and by thermodilution. The cost of use of bioimpedance is approximately $600 less than the cost for use of a PAC."  
1998 Bogaard HJ, Woltjer HH, Dekker BM, Arntzen BW, van Keimpema AR, Postmus PE. The haemodynamic response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Assessment by impedance cardiography. European Respiratory Journal. 1998;12:374-379.   Exercise Testing    
1998 Breithaupt-Grogler K et al. Blood pressure and aortic elastic properties--verapamil SR/trandolapril compared to a metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.1998;36(8):425-31.   Hypertension    
1998 Cornish BH, Thomas BJ, Ward LC. Effect of temperature and sweating on bioimpedance measurements. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1998;49(5-6):475-6.   Technology and Application    
1998 Critchley LA. Electrical Bioimpedance for noninvasive cardiac measurement. Critical Care Medicine (Letter to Editor). 1998;26(8):1460. Critical Care Accuracy    
1998 Critchley LA. Impedance cardiography: the impact of new technology. Anaesthesia. 1998;53:677-684. Surgical Accuracy    
1998 Critchley LAH et al. Lung fluid and impedance cardiography. Anaesthesia. 1998;53:369-381.   Fluid Management Only 2 patients.  
1998 Daniel T, Francaux M, Michotte de Welle J, Sturbois X. Impedance cardiography applied to maximal arm cranking exercise: A matter of sampling and processing strategy. Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 1998;1321-1327.   Exercise Testing    
1998 Diaco NV, Sageman SW, Speiss BD, Williams BR, Belott P, Ohmori K, DeMaria AN. The COST study: A multicenter trial comparing measurement of cardiac output by thoracic electrical bioimpedance with thermodilution. Circulation 1998: Abstracts of the 47th Annual Scientific Sessions. Inpatient Accuracy "TEB is an easily applied, non-invasive modality capable of providing continuous measurement of CO. Reliable CO can be obtained by both TEB and TD. Measurement of CO using refined instrumentation shows a good correlation with TD. TEB can be of value in the non-invasive assessment in patients with cardiac disorders."  
1998 Dillon RS. Improved Hemodynamics shown by continuous monitoring of electrical impedance during extenal counterpulsation with the end-diastolic pneumatic boot and improved ambulatory ekg monitoring after 3 weeks of therapy. Angiology. 1998;49(7):523-535. EECP CAD    
1998 Espinosa JD et al. Vascular dysfunction in hypertension evaluated by noninvasive assessment of arterial impedance. Medicina (B Aires) 1998;58(3):319-26.   Hypertension    
1998 Evans WD, McClagish H, Trudgett C. Factors affecting the in vivo precision of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1998;49(5-6):485-487.   Technology and Application    
1998 Genoni , Pelosi P, Romand JA, Pedoto A, Moccetti, Malacrida R. Determination of cardiac output during mechanical ventilation by electrical bioimpedance or thermodilution in patients with acute lung injury: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. Critical Care Medicine. 1998;26:1441-1445. Critical Care Accuracy    
1998 Gratze G, Fortin J, Holler A, et al. A software package for non-invasive real-time beat to beat monitoring of stroke volume blood pressure total peripheral resistance and for assessment of autonomic function. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 1998;28:121-142.   Technology and Application    
1998 Hayes DL, Hayes SN, Hyberger LK. Atrioventricular interval optimization technique: Impedance measurements vs. echo doppler. Pacing and Electrophysiology. 1998;21(4):969. Outpatient Pacing "...demonstrates the feasibility and greater ease of use of this new impedance technique to determine CO with excellent correlation with Echo/Doppler values." "…the impedance derived cardiac output values may be adequate for AVI optimization more efficiently and potentially at a lower cost."  
1998 Huch KM, Wall BM, Mangold TA, Bobal MA, Cooke CR. Hemodynamic response to vasopressin in dehydrated human subjects. Journal of Investigative Medicine. 1998;46(6):312-318.   Hypotension    
1998 Korsten HH, Roos AN. Noninvasive monitoring by electrical impedance techniques: will it ever be an accepted clinical tool? Critical Care Medicine. 1998;26(3):425.   Accuracy    
1998 Lasater M. The view within: The emerging technology of thoracic electrical bioimpedance. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 1998;21(3):97-101. Critical Care Technology and Application "…noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring, through the technology of thoracic electrical bioimpedance, is an emerging medical trend based on clinical efficacy, patient safety, and cost-effectiveness. TEB is a valuable adjunct to patient assessment and treatment across health care settings and provides the clinican with a chance to "view within."  
1998 Laszlo Z, Rossler A, Hinghofer-Szalkay HG. Cardiovascular changes during and after different LBNP levels in men. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1998;69(1):32-9. LBNP Accuracy    
1998 Lernfelt B, Landahl S, Johansson P, Seligman L, Aberg J. Hemodynamic and renal effects of felodipine in young and elderly subjects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1998;54(8):595-601.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Lovallo WR, Al'Absi M. Hemodynamics during rest and behavioral stress in normotensive men at high risk for hypertension. Psychophysiology. 1998;35:47-53.   Hypertension "High risk men had raised systolic/diastolic pressures and higher vascular resistance with minimal differences in heart rate and cardiac output. This finding implicates vascular resistance as the altered element in BP control in these high risk men tested in a familiar environment with minimal task-related threat."  
1998 Madsen P, Svendsen LB, Jorgensen LG, Matzen S, Jansen E, secher N. Tolerance to head-up tilt and suspension with elevated legs. Avaiation, space and Environmental Medicine. 1998;69(8):781-784.   Hypotension    
1998 Marrocco A, Eskin B, Nashed AH, Allegra JR, Mandell M. Noninvasive bioimpedance monitoring differentiates cardiogenic from pulmonary causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1998;5(5):476-477. ED Dyspnea "BioZ measurements can differentiate cardiogenic from pulmonary causes of acute dyspnea."  
1998 Milzman D et al. Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring improves the acute resuscitation of congestive heart failure in the ED beyond vital signs. Critical Care Medicine. 1998;26(1)(suppl):A62. ED Heart Failure    
1998 Milzman D et al. Thoracic impedance monitoring of cardiac output in the ED improves heart failure resuscitation. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1998;4(3)(1 suppl):30. ED Heart Failure    
1998 Milzman DP, Hogan C, Zlindenny A, et al. The utility of thoracic impedance to evaluate chest radiograph changes from acute heart failure patients in the emergency department. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1998;4(3)(suppl):37. ED Fluid Management    
1998 Morrocco A, Eskin B, Nashed A, Allegra J, Mandell M, Noninvasive bioimpedance monitoring differentiates cardiogenic from pulmonary causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1998;5(5):476-477. ED Dyspnea  
1998 Nawarycz T, Ostrowska-Nawarycz L, Kaczmarek J. Impact of cardiovascular reactions using the impedance cardiography method in borderline hypertension. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Bioimpedance, April 5-9, 1998. Riu PJ, Rosell J, Bragós R, Casas O. (eds.) Annals New York Academy of Sciences. pp. 174-181.   Hypertension "The use of impedance cardiography and graphic presentation of the hemodynamic state in the system of coordinates -- medium blood pressure--cardiac index--provides a clear method for the evaluation of the cardiovascular system reactions under the conditions of vegetative provocation."  
1998 Pfitzmann R, Muller J, Grauhan O, Cohnert T, Hetzer R. Measuring bioelectric myocardial impedance as a noninvasive method for diagnosis of graft rejection after heart transplantation. Z Kardiol. 1998;87(4):258-266. Animal Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Raajmakers E et al. The influence of extravascular lung water on cardiac output measurements using thoracic impedance cardiography. Physiol Meas.1998;19(4):491-9.   Accuracy    
1998 Shannon MT, Ramanathan S. An intravenous fluid bolus is not necessary before administration of intrathecal fentanyl for labor analgesia. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 1998;10:452-456. OB      
1998 Sherwood A, McFetridge J, Hutcheson JS. Ambulatory impedance cardiography: A feasibility study. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1998;85(6):2365-2369.   Ambulatory monitoring    
1998 Shoemaker WC, Belzberg H, Wo CJ, Milzman DP, Pasquale MD, Baga L, Fuss MA, Fulda GJ, Yarbrough K, Van deWater JP, Ferraro PJ, Thangathurai D, Roffey P, Welmahos G, Murray A, Asensio JA, ElTawil K, Rougherty WR, Sullivan MJ, Patil RS, Adibi J, James CB, Demetriades D. Multicenter study of noninvasive monitoring systems as alternatives to invasive monitoring of acutely ill emergency patients. CHEST. 1998;114:1643-1652. Critical Care Accuracy    
1998 Singer M. Cardiac output in 1998. Heart. 1998;79(5):425-8.   Technology and Application    
1998 Spiering W et al. Comparison of impedance cardiography and dye dilution method for measuring cardiac output. Heart. 1998;79(5):437-41.   Accuracy    
1998 Straver B, de Vries PM, ten Voorde BJ, Roggekamp MC, Donker AJ, ter Wee PM. Intradialytic hypotension in relation to pre-existent autonomic dysfunction hemodialysis patients. International Journal of Artificial Organs. 1998;21(12):794-801. Dialysis Hypotension    
1998 Straver B, Roggekamp MC, de Vries PM, ter Wee PM. Systemic vascular resistance in intradialytic hypotension determined by means of impedance cardiography. Blood Purification. 1998;16(5):281-289. Dialysis Hypotension    
1998 Sundberg S, Antila S, Scheinin H, Hayha M, Virtanen M, Lehtonen L. Integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel calcium sensitizer levosimendan as assessed by systolic time intervals. International Journal Clinical Pharmacology Therapies. 1998;36(12):629-635.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Velmahos GC. Invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring of patients with cerebrovascular accidents. West J Med. 1998;169(1):17-22. Critical Care Trauma    
1998 Verhoeve PE, Cadwell CA, Tsadok S. Reproducibility of noninvasive bioimpedance measurements of cardiac function. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 1998:4(3)(suppl):53. Outpatient Reproducibility "The patient with cardiopulmonary disease can be reliably monitored for quantifiable hemodynamic measurements with this noninvasive method. Measurements are highly reproducible on same-day determinations and show device sensitivity to normal hemodynamic changes on inter-day measurements. The availability of expected hemodynamic ranges provides a baseline for objective determination of responses to therapeutic intervention."
1998 Waluga M. Cardiovascular effects of ephedrine, caffeine, and yohimbine measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance in obese women. Clin Physiol. 1998:18(1):69-76.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1998 Ward CR, Gray JC, Gilroy JJ, Kenny RA. Midodrine: a role in the management of neurocardiogenic syncope. Heart. 1998;79:45-49.   Hypotension    
1998 Zdolsek HF et al. Non-invasive assessment of intercompartmental fluid shifts in burn victims. Burns. 1998;24(3):233-240. Burn Fluid Management    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1997 Barry BN, Mallick, Bodenham AR, Vucevic M. Lack of agreement between bioimpedance and continuous thermodilution measurement of cardiac output in intensive care unit patients. Critical Care. 1997;1(2):71-74. Critical Care Accuracy    
1997 Bernstein DP. Pulmonary artery catheterization: high-tech or obsolete procedure? (to the editor). Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997;85;1176-1182. Surgical Accuracy    
1997 Bogaard HJ, Woltjer HH, Dekker BM, van Keimpema AR, Postmus PE. Haemodynamic response to exercise in healthy young and elderly subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997;75(5):435-442.   Exercise Testing    
1997 Broomhead CJ, Wright SJ, Kiff KM, et al. Validation of thoracic electrical bioimpedance as a porcine research tool. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1997;78:323-5. Animal Accuracy    
1997 Cardus D, McTaggart WG. Cardiovascular effects of a sustained -Gz force in the horizontal position. Aviation, Spacem and Environmental Medicine. 1997;68(12):1099-103. LBNP Physiology    
1997 Clemens R. A noninvasive cardiac output monitor. Surgical Services Management. 1997;3(12):44-46. Surgical      
1997 Clontz RL. Advances in noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Medical Electronics. 1997;3:47-50. General Technology and Application    
1997 Galarza CR, Alfe J, Waisman GD, Mayorga LM, Camera LA, del Rio M, Vasvari F, Limansky R, Farias J, Tessler J, Camera MI. Diastolic pressure underestimates age-related hemodynamic impairment. Hypertension. 1997;30(4):809-816.   Hypertension "In summary, the present study, carried out in a large sample of hypertensive subjects with a wide age range, showed a simultaneous impairment of vascular resistance and arterial compliance associated with aging in different stages of hypertension."  
1997 Grassi B, Marconi C, Meyer M, Rieu M, Cerretelli P. Gas exchange and cardiovascular kinetics with different exercise protocols in heart transplant recipients. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997;82(6):1952-1962. Transplant Cardiac Function Assessment    
1997 Hartleb M et al. Cardiovascular status after postural change in compensated cirrhosis: an argument for vasodilatory control. Liver. 1997;17:1-6.   Hypotension    
1997 Kindermann M, Frohlig G, Doerr T, Schieffer H. Optimizing the AV delay in DDD pacemaker patients with high degree AV block: Mitral valve doppler versus impedance cardiography. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 1997;20(10-1):2453-2462.   Pacing "It is well established that AV timing is critical for optimizing left ventricular hemodynamics in patients paced with dual chamber pacemakers for high degree AV block and that every individual patient needs individual AV delay programming." "The wide range of pace-sense-offsets in this study indicates that fixed differential AV delays, which are offered by some manufacturers, are far from being physiological; programmability of the AV intervals for both atrial sensed and paced events are mandatory in modern pulse generators."  
1997 Marik PE, Penndelton JE, Smith R. A comparison of hemodynamic parameters derived from transthoracic electrical bioimpedance with those parameters obtained by thermodilution and ventricular angiography. Critical Care Medicine. 1997;25(9):1545-1550. Critical Care Accuracy    
1997 Marrero AF, al'Absi M, Pincomb GA, Lovallo WR. Men at risk for hypertension show elevated vascular resistance at rest and during mental stress. International Journal of D24Psychophysiology. 1997;25(3):185-192.   Hypertension "We examined which component of blood pressure, vascular resistance or cardiac output, accounted for raised blood pressures seen in a high-risk, normotensive sample. Parental history of hypertension and resting systolic blood pressures were used to categorize subjects into high (n = 19) and low (n = 14) risk groups. Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, and vascular resistance were measured during rest, mental arithmetic, and reaction time. Compared to low risk subjects, the high risk men had significantly higher blood pressures accompanied by higher vascular resistances at rest and during mental stress. The groups had negligible differences in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. This pattern of results implicates vascular resistance as the dominant element in altered blood pressure control in these young men at high risk for hypertension."  
1997 Massidda B, Fenu MA, Ionta MT, Tronci M, Foddi MR, Mantaldo C, Nomtaldo PL. early detection of the anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. A non-invasive haemodynamic study. Anticancer Research. 1997;17:663-668.   Cancer    
1997 Metry G et al. Gender and age differences in transthoracic bioimpedance. Acta Physiol Scand. 1997;161(2):171-5.   Technology and Application    
1997 Metry G, Mallmin H, Wikstrom B, et al. Proportional changes of body fluid with hemodialysis evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and transthoracic bioimpedance with particular emphasis on the thoracic region. Artificial Organs. 1997;21(9):969-976. Dialysis Fluid Management    
1997 Perko MJ, Madsen P, Perko G, Schroeder TV, Secher NH. Mesenteric artery response to head-up tilt-induced central hypovolaemia and hypotension. Clinical Physiology. 1997;17:487-496.   Hypotension    
1997 Pianosi PT. Impedance cardiography accurately measures cardiac output during exercise in children with cystic fibrosis*. CHEST. 1997;111(2);333-337. Pediatric Accuracy    
1997 Raaijmakers E, Faes TJ, Goovaerts HG, et al. The inaccuracy of Kubicek's model in thoracic impedance cardiography. IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering. 1997;44(1):70-6.   Technology and Application    
1997 Scardo JA, Brost BC, Sola E, Newman RB, Tate SB. Severe hypertension with nifedipine-magnesium in severe preeclampsia: a hemodynamic observation. Journal of Maternal-Fetal Investigation. 1997:131-134. OB      
1997 Scardo JA, Newman RB. Differential effects of magnesium on selected measures of vascular resistance in preeclampsia. Journal of Maternal-Fetal Investigation. 1997:184-187. OB      
1997 Scherhag AW, Pfleger S, de May C, Schreckenberger AB, Staedt U, Heene DL. Continuous measurement of hemodynamic alterations during pharmacologic cardiovascular stress using automated impedance cardiography. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1997;37(1):21S-28S.   Pharmacologic Stress Testing    
1997 Thangathurai D, Charbonnet C, Roessler P, Wo CF, Mikhail M, Yoshida R, Shoemaker WC. Continuous intraoperative noninvasive cardiac output monitoring using a new thoracic bioimpedance device. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1997;11(4):440-444. Surgical Accuracy    
1997

"Thoracic impedance measurements can interfere with impedance-based rate-responsive pacemakers.

Health Devices. 1997 Sep-Oct;26(9-10):393-4. "

  Pacing "Bioimpedance cardiac output monitors may interfere with minute ventilated pacemakers, causing the pacemaker rate to accelerate. This can cause patient discomfort but not likely adversely affect the patient over a short duration. Recommendations are to reprogram this type of pacemaker to non-rate responsive mode before monitoring with a thoracic bioimpedance monitor and after monitoring is complete reprogram pacemaker to rate responsive mode."  
1997 van der meer JF et al. Impedance cardiography in cardiac surgery patients: abnormal body weight gives unreliable cardiac output measurements. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41(6):708-12.   Accuracy    
1997 Weil MH. Electrical bioimpedance for noninvasive measurement of cardiac output. Critical Care Medicine. 1997;25(9):1455. Critical Care Accuracy    
1997 Weiss SJ et al. Bioimpedance cardiac output measurements in patients with presumed congestive heart failure. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1997;4(6):568-573. ED Heart Failure "Significant differences in TEB variables exist between patients who appear similar on initial examination in the ED. Changes noted on TEB may help to further elucidate physiological differences. The clinical use of TEB-based hemodynamic measurements to guide presumed CHF patient management remains speculative."  
1997 Woltjer H. Prediction of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and assessment of stroke volume by noninvasive impedance cardiography. American Heart Journal. 1997;134(3):450-455.   Fluid Management    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1996 Asensio JA, Demetriades D, Berne TV, Shoemaker WC. Invasive and noninvasive monitoring for early recognition and treatment of shock in high-risk trauma and surgical patients. Surgical Clinics of North America. 1996;76(4):985-997. Critical Care Shock    
1996 Belardinelli R, Ciampani N, Costantini C, Blandini A, Purcaro A. Comparison of impedance cardiography with thermodilution and direct fick methods for noninvasive measurement of stroke volume and cardiac output during incremental exercise in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology. 1996;77:1293-1301.   Accuracy    
1996 Biboulet P, Capdevila X, Benetreau D, Aubas P, d'Athis F, du Cailar J. Haemodynamic effects of moderate normovolaemic haemodilution in conscious and anaesthetized patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1996;76:81-84. Surgical Fluid Management    
1996 Bishop MH, Shoemaker WC, Shulehko J, Charles CJ. Noninvasive cardiac index monitoring in gunshot wound victims. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1996;3(7):682-688. Critical Care Trauma    
1996 Brodin LA et al. Effects of furosemide and slow-release furosemide on thoracic fluid volumes. Clin Cardiol. 1996;9(11):561-4.   Fluid Management    
1996 de mey C et al. Differentiation of inodilatory responses by non-invasive measures of cardiovascular performance in healthy man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996:34(12):525-532.   IV inotropic therapy    
1996 DePasquale MJ, Fossa AA. Use of bioimpedance for measuring cardiac output in the conscious dog. Drug Development Research. 1996;38:105-13. Animal Technology and Application    
1996 Finley JC, O'Leary MJ, Maasdam MR. Increased baroreceptor sensitivity is associated with increased susceptibility to coriolis stress. 1997; Presentation at Aerospace Medical Association. LBNP Physiology    
1996 Galarza C, Alfie J, Waisman G, Burgos M, Zaniello G, del Rio M, Serra L, Toselli P, Vasvari F, Camera M. Severe systemic hemodynamic impairment in patients with stroke. Am J Hypert. 1996;9 (suppl 1):172A Outpatient Hypertension "These results showed that there is a severe systemic hemodynamic impairment in stroke patients. These were present irrespective of the age, sex or type of stroke. These also demonstrate the unreliability of BP to reflect the severity of underling hemodynamic deterioration. In spite of a similar BP level, stroke patients showed a lower cardiac index and higher vascular resistance than uncomplicated hypertensive controls."

1996 Grauhan O, Muller J, Knosalla C, Cohnert T, Siniawski H, Volk HD, Fietze E, Kupetz W, Hetzer R. Electric myocardial impedance registration in humoral rejection after heart transplantation. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 1996;15(2):136-143. Animal Cardiac Function Assessment    
1996 Hobel C, Castro L, Rosen D, Greenspoon J, Nessim S. The effect of thigh-length support stockings on the hemodynamic response to ambulation in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996;174(6):1734-1741. OB      
1996 "Jones MA, Kingswood JC, Dallyn PE, Sharpstone P. Haemodynamic changes measured by transthoracic bioimpedance during treatment with recombinant human erythroprotein. Clinical Experiments in Hypertension. 1996 Jan;18(1):51-64"   Hypertension "Hypertension complicates the treatment of anaemia of chronic renal failure with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) in some patients. We conducted a prospective study measuring changes in cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) in 29 patients from before commencement of EPO to attainment of target haemoglobin concentration. We used the operator-independent technique of trans-thoracic bioimpedance. The group of patients who developed EPO-induced hypertension (EpHT) were separately analysed and compared with the group who had no change in blood pressure (NC). Our results showed there was a significant rise in SVRI after treatment in EpHT group patients but in the NC group there was a small fall. CI increased significantly in the NC group after treatment but no change was recorded in the EpHT group. These findings clearly demonstrate how the cardiovascular changes differ in patients who develop EPO-induced hypertension."  
1996 Jonsson F et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance and fluid balance during aortic surgery. Ugeskr Laeger. 1996;158(44):6256-6259. Surgical Fluid Management    
1996 Mandell G, Jamnback L, Ramanathan S. Hemodynamic effects of subarachnoid fentanyl in laboring patients. Regional Anesthesia. 1996;21(2):103-111. OB      
1996 Ouzounian JG, Masaki DI, Abboud TK, Greenspoon JS. Systemic vascular resistance index determined by thoracic electrical bioimpedance predicts the risk for maternal hypotension during regional anesthesia for cesarean delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996;174(3):1019-1025. OB      
1996 Pham LH, Camann WR, Smith MP, Datta S, Bader AM. Hemodynamic effects of intrathecal sefentanil compared with epidural bupivacaine in laboring parturients. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 1996;8(6):497-501. OB      
1996 Riley R, Lucisano J, Cloutier D, et al. Thoracic bioimpedance as an adjunct to dobutamine echocardiography: Results of the BADE pilot study. Circulation 1996; Abstracts of the ACC 46th Annual Scientific Sessions. Outpatient Cardiac Function Assessment "…results show a predictive trend in the bioimpedance parameters EF, CI, and ACI when compared to dobutamine echo results."  
1996 Romano M, Monteforte I, Cardei S, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise response in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure: A noninvasive study by gas exchange and impedance cardiography monitoring. Cardiology. 1996;87(2):147-152.   Exercise Testing    
1996 "Sandroni P, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Benarroch EE, Shen WK, Low PA. Certain cardiovascular indices predict syncope in the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 1996;6(4):225-31."   Hypotension    
1996 Scardo J, Vermillion S, Hogg B, Newman R. Hemodynamic effects of oral nifedipine in preeclamptic hypertensive emergencies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996;175(2):336-340. OB      
1996 Scardo JA, Kiser R, Dillon A, Brost B, Newman R. Hemodynamic comparison of mild and severe preeclampsia: concept of stroke systemic vascular resistance index. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 1996;5:268-272. OB      
1996 Scardo JA, Vermillion ST, Hogg BB, Newman RB. Hemodynamic effects of oral nifedipine in preeclamptic hypertensive emergencies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996;175(2):336-338. OB      
1996 Shoemaker WC, Wo CC, Bishop MH, Demetriades D, Appel PL, Thangathurai D, Patil RS. Noninvasive physiologic monitoring of high-risk surgical patients. Archives of Surgery. 1996;131(7):732-737. Surgical Accuracy    
1996 Shoemaker WC, Wo CCJ, Bishop MH, Thangathurai D, Patil RS. Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring of critical patients in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1996;3(7):675-681. ED Shock    
1996 Shoemaker WC, WoCJ, Demetriades D, Belzberg H, Asensio JA, Cornwell EE, Murray JA, Berne TV, Adibi J, Patil R. Early physiologic patterns in acute illness and accidents: toward a concept of circulatory dysfunction and shock based on invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. New Horizons. 1996;4(4):395-412. Critical Care Shock    
1996 Shoemaker WC. Oxygen transport and oxygen metabolism in shock and critical illness: Invasive and noninvasive monitoring of circulatory dysfunction and shock. Critical Care Clinics. 1996;12(4);939-969. Critical Care Shock    
1996 Shoemaker WC. Temporal physiologic patterns of shock and circulatory dysfunction based on early descriptions by invasive and noninvasive monitoring. New Horizons. 1996;(4):300-318. Critical Care Shock    
1996 Soubiran C et al. Cardio-respritory changes during the onset of head-down tilt. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1996;67(7):648-653.   Hypotension    
1996 Sramek B. New concepts in systemic hemodynamics and hemodynamic management. Medical Electronics. 1996:50-56.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1996 Sramek BB, Tichy JA, Hojerova M, Cervenka V. Normohemodynamic goal-oriented antihypertensive therapy improves the outcome. American Journal of Hypertension. 1996;9(4):141A.   Hypertension "Though normotension could not be achieved previously by a conventional antihpertensive therapy in any of the 322 patients, the normohemodynamic goal-oriented therapy produced normotension in 203 of the patients (63%).  
1996 Sramek BB. Antihypertensive Therapy and Hemodynamic Management. Medical Electronics. 1996;Oct:65-74.   Hypertension "In a pilot study, 322 hypertensives treated for 2 to 42 years by a conventional antihypertensive therapy without ever production normotension were subjected to the normohemodynamic goal-oriented therapy. In three weeks, 63% of them became normotensive and 75% of them also became normodynamic."  
1996 Van de Water A, D'Aubioul J, Van Gerven W, et al. Selective vasoconstriction by alniditan in the carotid vascular bed of anaesthetized dogs. European Journal of Pharmacology. 1996;299:127-137. Animal Cardiac Function Assessment    
1996 van der Meer BJM, Woltjer HH, Sousman AM. Impedance cardiography importance of the equation and the electrode configuration. Intensive Care Medicine. 1996;22:1120-24.   Technology and Application    
1996 van der Meer NJM, Oomen MWN, Vonk Noordegraaf A, et al. Does impedance cardiography reliably estimate left ventricular ejection fraction? Journal of Clinical Monitoring. 1996;12:5-9.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1996 van Oppen AC, van der Tweel I, Alsbach GPJ, Heethaar RM, Bruinse HW. A longitudinal study of maternal hemodynamics during normal pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996;88(1):40-46. OB      
1996 Willemson GH, De Geus EJ, Klaver CH, Van Doornen LJ, Carroll D. Ambulatory monitoring of the impedance cardiogram. Psychophysiology. 1996;33(2):184-193.   Ambulatory monitoring    
1996 Woltjer HH, Bogaard HJ, Scheffer GJ, et al. Standardization of non-invasive impedance cardiography for assessment of stroke volume: comparison with thermodilution. British Journal of Anaesthesiology. 77(6):748-752. Surgical Accuracy    
1996 Wong KL, Hou PC. The accuracy of bioimpedance cardiography in the measurement of cardiac output in comparison with thermodilution method. Acta Anaesthesiol. Sin. 1996;34(3):172. Surgical Accuracy    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1995 Biboulet P, Deschodt J, Capdevila X, Landreau L, Aubas P, du Cailar J, d'Athis F. Hemodynamic effects of 0.375% versus 0.25% bupivacaine during cervical epidural anesthesia for hand surgery. Regional Anesthesia. 1995;20:33-40. Surgical Anesthesia    
1995 Critchley LA, Stuart JC, Conway F, Short TG. Hypotension during subarachnoid anaesthesia: haemodynamic effects of ephedrine. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1995;74:373-378. Surgical Hypotension    
1995 Doering L, Lum e, Dracup K, et al. Predictors of between-method differences in cardiac output measurement using thoracic electrical bioimpedance and thermodilution. Critical Care Medicine. 1995;23(10):1667-1673.   Accuracy    
1995 Hanson P, Slane PR, Rueckert PA, Clark SV. Squatting revisited: comparison of haemodynamic responses in normal individuals and heart transplantation recipients. British Heart Journal. 1995;74(2):154-158. Transplant Accuracy    
1995 Heethaar R, van Oppen AC, Ottenhoff FA, Brouwer FAS, Bruinse HW. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance: suitable for monitoring stroke volume during pregnancy? European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1995;58:183-190. OB      
1995 Kailasam MT, Parmer RJ, Cervenka JH, Wu RA, Ziegler MG, Kennedy BP, Adgebile IA, O'Connor DT. Divergent effects of dihydropyridine and phenylalkylamine calcium channel antagonist classes on autonomic function in human hypertension. Hypertension. 1995;26(1):143-149.   Hypertension    
1995 Kakimets J, Jensen L. Evaluation of impedance cardiography: comparison of NCCOM3 with Fick and thermodilution methods. Heart Lung. 1995;24(3):194-206. Surgical Accuracy    
1995 Koksoy C, Kuzu MA, Kurt I, Kurt N, Yerdel MA, Tezcan C, Aras N. Haemodynamic effects of pneumonperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective comparative study using bioimpedance cardiography. British Journal of Surgery. 1995;82:972-974. Surgical      
1995 Kravtsova EL, Voronkov I. Use of the method of thoracic electric bioimpedance in medical evaluation of central hemodynamics in man. Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 1995;29(4):52-54.   Accuracy    
1995 Lang D, Hilger F, Binswager J, et al. Late effects of anthracycline therapy in childhood in relation to the function of the heart at rest and under physical stress. European Journal of Pediatrics. 1995;154(5):340-5. Pediatric      
1995 Pappas CG, Wang X, Connolly RJ, et al. Impedance cardiography in the measurement of cardiac output: studies in rabbits. Journal of Surgical Research. 1995;59:504-510. Animal Technology and Application    
1995 Pizzarelli F, Dattolo P, Piacenti M, et al. Non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters during hemodialysis. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 1995;18(9):499-503. Dialysis      
1995 Scardo JA, Hogg BB, Newman RB. Favorable hemodynamic effects of magnesia sulfate in preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995;173(4):1249-1253. OB      
1995 Shoemaker WC, Wo CJ, Bishhop MH, Appel PL, Van de Water JM, Harrington GR, Wang X, Patil RS. Multicenter trial of a new thoracic electrical bioimpedance device for cardiac output estimation. Critical Care Medicine. 1995;23(3):1907-1911. Critical Care Accuracy    
1995 Sramek B. Systemic hemodynamics and hemodynamic management. Web publication at www.hemosapeiens.com.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1995 van Oppen AC, van der Tweel I, Duvekot JJ, Bruinse HW. Use of cardiac index in pregnancy: is it justified? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995;173(3):923-928. OB      
1995 Wang L, Patterson R. Multiple sources of the impedance cardiogram based on 3D finite difference human thorax models. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1995;42(2):141-148.   Technology and Application    
1995 Weiss S, Calloway E, Airo J, et al. Comparison of cardiac output measurements by thermodilution and thoracic electrical bioimpedance in critically ill versus non-critically ill patients. American Journal of Emerging Medicine. 1995;13:626-631. Critical Care Accuracy    
1995 Zimlichman R, Zilberman D, Gold B. Acute hemodynamic effects of nisoldipine in young hypertensive patients. Israel Journal of Medical Science. 1995;31(5):288-292.   Hypertension "The hemodynamic effects of oral nisoldiopine in 12 hypertensive patients aged 35-55 years were determined using the impedance cardiography method. Hemodynamic measurements were performed at hourly intervals before and following ingestion of the medication. Nisoldipine significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with a slight increase in heart rate. Stroke volume did not change significantly following the medication. Total peripheral resistance decreased gradually reaching its lowest values 2 h after ingestion of nisoldipine. We conclude that nisoldipine is a potent oral antihypertensive agent that induces peripheral vasodilatation without decrease in cardiac output."  
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1994 Bengtsson J et al. Effects of hyperventilation on the inspiratory to end-tidal oxygen difference. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1994;73:140-144.   Physiology    
1994 Campbell JH, Harris ND, Zhang F, Brown BH, Morice AH. Clinical applications of electrical impedance tomography in the monitoring of changes in intrathoracic fluid volumes. Physiological Measurement. 1994;15(2):A217-A222.   Fluid Management    
1994 Castor C, Klocke RK, Stoll M, Helms J, Niedermark I. Simultaneous measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution, thoracic electrical bioimpedance and doppler ultrasound. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1994;72:133-138. Surgical Accuracy    
1994 Clark S, Southwick J, Pivarnik J, Cotton D, Hankins G, Phelan J. A comparison of cardiac index in normal term pregnancy using thoracic electrical bio-impedance and oxygen extraction (fick) techniques. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994;83(5):669-672. OB      
1994 Critchley LA, Short TC, Gin T. Hypotension during subarachnoid anaesthesia: haemodynamic analysis of three treatments. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1994;72:151-155. Surgical      
1994 Critchley, Stuart JC, Short TG, Gin T. Haemodynamic effects of subarachnoid block in elderly patients. British Journal of Anesthesia. 1994;73(4):464-469. Surgical      
1994 Crosby E, Bryson G, Elliott R, Gverzdys C. Epidural sufentanil does not attenuate the central haemodyanmic effects of caesarian section performed under epidural anaesthesia. Canadian Journal of Anesthesiology. 1994;41(3):1992-1997. OB      
1994 Dysart JM, Treiber FA, Pflieger K. Ethnic differences in the myocardial and vascular reactivity to stress in normotensive girls. American Journal of Hypertension. 1994;7(1):15-22. Pediatric      
1994 Frey M et al. Cardiovascular responses to postural changes: differences with age for women and men. J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;34:394-402.   Fluid Management    
1994 Frey M et al. Cardiovascular responses to standing: effect of hydration. J Clin Pharmcol. 1994;34:387-393.   Fluid Management    
1994 Fuller H. Evaluation of left ventricular function by impedance cardiography: A review. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 1994;36(4):267-273.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1994 Graziani G, Badalamenti S, Como G, et al. Validation study of thoracic fluid bioimpedance for assessing the haemodialysis-induced changes in total body fluids. Blood Purif. 1994;12(2):106-112. Dialysis Fluid Management    
1994 Hemstad J et al. Pulmonary artery and noninvasive hemodynamics during lung lavage in primary pulmonary proteinosis. Chest. 1994;105(5):1605-1608. Surgical Fluid Management    
1994 Klocke R. A quick noninvasive way to find the best pacing mode. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1994;74:68-70.   Pacing "This technique can be repeated as often as desired and without danger to the patient, and therefore is superior to all other invasive and noninvasive techniques, and quite suitable for optimizing the adjustment of programmable cardiac pacemaker systems."  
1994 Kubicek WG. Minnesota impedance cardiograph. Critical Care Medicine. 1994;22(12):1907-1912.   Technology and Application    
1994 Letters to Editor. PACE. 1995;18:751-752.   Pacing "We proposed that a simple and reliable noninvasive test to determine the optimal hemodynamic programmer exists. We refer to the determination of cardiac output by impedance cardiography."  
1994 Low PA, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Textor SC, Schondorf R, Suarez GA, Fealey RD, Camilleri M. Comparison of the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) with orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System. 1994;50:181-188.   Hypotension    
1994 Peterson JR et al. Electrical impedance measured changes in thoracic fluid content during thoracentesis. Clinical Physiology. 1994;14:459-466. Critical Care Fluid Management    
1994 Sear JF, Jewkes C, Tellez JC, Foex P. Does the choice of antihpertensive therapy influence haemodynamic responses to inducting laryngoscopy and intubation? British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1994;73:303-308.   Hypertension "The pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation are unaffected by concurrent medication in mild-moderate hypertensive patients and changes of a similar magnitude are observed also in untreated hypertensive patients."  
1994 Smith JJ et al. Hemodynamic response to the upright posture. J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;34:375-386.   Fluid Management    
1994 Smith M. Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring with thoracic electrical bioimpedance. Critical Care Nurse. 1994:56-59. Critical Care Technology and Application    
1994 Sramek B. Physiologic chart for rapid identification of causes of abnormal haemodynamics. Annals of Academy of Medicine. 1994;23(6 Suppl):26-32.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1994 Sramek B. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance: Basic principles and physiologic relationship. Noninvasive Cardiology. 1994;3(2):83-88.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1994 Textor SC, Schwartz L, Wilson DJ, Wiesner R, Romero JC, Augustine J, Kos P, Hay E, Gores G, dickson ER, Krom RA, Porayko M. Systemic and renal effects of nifedipine in cyclosporine-associated hypertension. Hypertension. 1994;23{suppI}:I-220 - I-224. Transplant Hypertension "Hypertension after liver transplantation was treated effectively with nifedipine alone in a large proportion (64%) of patients. Pressure reduction was mediated hemodynamically by a reduction of systemic vascular resistance.  
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1993 Aldrete AJ et al. Pacemaker malfunction due to microcurrent injection from a bioimpedance noninvasive cardiac output monitor. Journal of Clinical Monitoring. 1995;11:131-133.   Pacing "Bioimpedance cardiac output monitors may interfere with minute ventilated pacemakers, causing the pacemaker rate to accelerate."  
1993 Barakat MM, Nawab ZM, Yu AW, et al. Hemodynamic effects of intradialytic food ingestion and the effects of caffeine. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 1993;3(11):1813-1818. Dialysis Hypotension    
1993 Demeter RJ, Parr KL, Toth PD, Woods JR. Use of noninvasive bioelectric impedance to predict cardiac output in open heart recovery. Biological Psychology. 1993;36(1-2):23-32. Surgical Accuracy    
1993 Egan BM, Fleissner MJ, Stepniakowski K, Neahring JM, Sagar KB, Ebert TJ. Improved baroreflex sensitivity in elderly hypertensives on lisinopril is not explained by blood pressure reduction alone. J Hypertens. 1993;11:1113-1120.   Hypertension "Lisinopril and nifedipine were both effective as monotherapy for controlling blood pressure in these elderly patients. Despite similar effects on blood pressure and systemic hemodynamics, baroreflex sensitivity in response to a reduction in carotid transmural pressure was greater with lisinopril than with nifedipine."
1993 Fox SD, Henderson LW. Cardiovascular response during hemodialysis and hemofiltration: thermal, membrane, and catecholamine influences. Blood Purif. 1993;11:224-236. Dialysis      
1993 Gastor G, Klocke RC, Niedermark I, et al. Monitoring of oxygen transport by impedance cardiography. West Pacific Association of Critical Care Medicine 7th Congress (abstract). 1993 Critical Care      
1993 Kasznicki J et al. The importance of impedance cardiography in monitoring cardiac function in patients with hematological malignancies. Acta Haematologica Polonica. 1993;24(2):123-130. Cancer Cardiac Function Assessment    
1993 Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J. The importance of impedance cardiography in monitoring cardiac function in patienetts with hematological malignancies. Acta Haematologica Polonica. 1993;24(2):123-130   Cancer    
1993 Light KC, Turner JR, Hinderliter AL, Sherwood A. Race and gender comparisons: Hemodynamic responses to a series of stressors. Health Psychology. 1993;12(5):354-65.   Physiology    
1993 Mey CD, Enterling D. Disagreement between standard transthoracic impedance cardiography and the automated transthoracic electrical bioimpedance method in estimating the cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine and isprenaline in healthy man. British Journal of Clincal Pharmacology. 1993;35:349-355.   Accuracy    
1993 Ovsyshcher I et al. Variability of cardiac output as determined by impedance cardiography in pacemaker patients. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1993;72(2):183-187.   Pacing "The precision of impedance cardiography demonstrated may be comparable or superior to other frequently used techniques, and the data obtained are valuable both investigationally and clinically."  
1993 Ovsyshcher I, Furman S. Impedance cardiography for cardiac output estimation in pacemaker patients: Review of the literature. Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology. 1993;16(7):1412-1422.   Pacing "…the high reproducibility of the method is established and may be comparable or superior to other commonly used techniques." "The ease and precision of this technique warrants its more widespread use in the assessment of pacemaker patients."  
1993 Ovsyshcher I. Measurement of cardiac output by impedance cardiography in pacemaker patients at rest: effects of various atrioventricular delays. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1993;21(3):761-767.   Pacing "1) Impedance cardiography allows highly reproducible noninvasive assessments of cardiac output in pacemaker patients; 2) inappropriate programming of the AV interval in patients with atrial and ventricular pacing can decrease cardiac output significantly, and the extent of the decrease is similar to or less than that observed in ventricular pacing; 3) hemodynamic measurements obtained with impedance cardiography can facilitate optimal programming of pacemaker variables."  
1993 Pickett BR, Buell JC. Usefulness of the impedance cardiogram to reflect left ventricular diastolic function. Am Journal of Cardiology. 1993;7:1099-1103.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1993 Rosen D, Greespoon JS, Schmidt J, Mason R, Krakow D. Hemodynamic values obtained by thoracic electrical bioimpedance during normal pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993;168(1):H-135. OB      
1993 Rosen DJ, et al. Hemodynamic values obtained by thoracic electrical bioimpedance during normal pregnancy. Society of Perinatal Obstetricians (abstract). 1993. OB Accuracy    
1993 Sagemen WS, Amundson DE. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance measurement of cardiac output in postaortocoronary bypass patients. Critical Care Medicine. 1993;21(8):1130-1142. Surgical Accuracy    
1993 Schondorf R. New investigations of autonomic nervous system function. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 1993;10(1):28-38.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1993 Spiess BD, McCarthy RJ, Tuman KJ, Ivankovich AD. Bioimpedance hemodynamics compared to pulmonary artery catheter monitoring during orthotopic liver transplantation. Journal of Surgical Research. 1993;54:52-56. Transplant Accuracy    
1993 Sramek BB. A computerized method for noninvasive diagnosis, monitoring and management of systemic hemodynamic hypertension. International Hemodynamic Society. 1993.   Hypertension    
1993 Sramek BB. Noninvasive, real-time, bedside hemodynamic and oxygen delivery monitoring and management system. International Hemodynamic Society. 1993. Critical Care Technology and Application    
1993 Suzuki T, Otsu F, Yamanaka H, et al. Influence of cardiac pump-performance on lower exercise time in patients with myocardial infarction, using electrical bioimpedance method. International Hemodynamic Society 2nd Conference. 1993   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1993 Visser KR, Mook GA, van der Wall E, Zijlstra WG. Theory of the determination of systolic time intervals by impedance cardiography. Biological Psychology. 1993;36:43-50.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1993 Weinhold C, Reichenspurner H, Fulle P, Nollert G, Reichart B. Registration of thoracic electrical bioimpedance for early diagnosis of rejection after heart transplantation. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplant. 1993;12:832-836. Transplant Cardiac Function Assessment    
1993 Weiss SJ et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance for the evaluation of acute interventions in the emergency department. American Federation of Clinical Research. 1993. ED Heart Failure    
1993 Weiss sJ, Winslow J, Calloway E, et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance for the evaluation of acute interventions in emergency department patients. American Federation of Clinical Research. (abstract)1993 ED Heart Failure    
1993 Young JD, McQuillan P. Comparison of thoracic electrical bioimpedance and thermodilution for the measurement of cardiac index in patients with severe sepsis. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1993;70:58-62. Critical Care Accuracy    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1992 Bryssine B et al. Acute hemodynamic effects of locally injected lypresin in gynecological surgery. 1992;American Society of Anesthesiologists Conference. Surgical      
1992 Bucher N. A safer way to get hemodynamic data. RN. 1992:56-60. Critical Care Technology and Application    
1992 Fuller HD. The validity of cardiac output measurement by thoracic impedance: A meta-analysis clinical investigation. Medicine. 1992;15(2):103-112.   Accuracy    
1992 Grossman P, Brinkman A, de Vries J. Cardiac autonomic mechanisms associated with borderline hypertension under varying behavioral demands: Evidence for attenuated parasympathetic tone but not for adrenergic activity. Psychophysiology. 1992;29(6):698-711.   Hypertension "The ECG, blood pressure, impedance cardiography, and respiration were measured during two baselines (initial and post-task), a memory-comparison reaction time task, the cold pressor, and CO2-rebreathing. Results indicated tonic differences between groups in all cardiovascular variables across tasks, with the exception of pre-ejection period, which showed no group effects at all. Hypertensives additionally manifested somewhat heightened systolic blood pressure reactivity and attenuated cardiac parasympathetic responsivity to specific tasks."  
1992 Hanson AL. Clinical evaluation of a noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring and management system in the daily routine work of an anesthesiologist. Tenth World Congress of Anesthesiologists. The Hague. 1992. Surgical      
1992 Kirch W, Halabi A, Hinrichsen H. Hemodynamic effects of quinidine and famotidine in patients with congestive heart failure. Clinical Pharmacology Therapies. 1992;51(3):325-333.   Heart Failure    
1992 Mark PB. Technology: New heart dp system gives a window to the heart. Hospital News. Minnesota Edition. February 1992;3(5). Critical Care Technology and Application    
1992 Ovsyshcher I et al. Orthostatic responses in patients with DDD pacemakers: signs of autonomic dysfunction. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 1992;15(II):1932-1936.   Pacing "The absence of stroke volume response to upright posture in patients with fixed atrial rate is a compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output for appropriate cerebral flow."  
1992 Ovsyshcher I, Gross JN, Blumberg S, Furman S. Precision of impedance cardiography measurements of cardiac output in pacemaker patients. Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology. 1992;15(11-2):1923-1926.   Pacing "The precision of impedance cardiography in all pacing modes, as demonstrated by analysis of variability, indicates that detected changes of stroke volume and cardiac output >7% on serial measurement, performed by the same operator and during the same session, represent true hemodynamic alterations with 95% confidence. Conclusions are that the precision of impedance cardiography may be comparable or superior to other commonly used techniques and that the data obtained by this technique is valuable investigationally and clinically."  
1992 Pickett BR, Buell JC. Validity of cardiac output measurement by computer-averaged impedance cardiography, and comparison with simultaneous thermodilution determinations. American Journal of Cardiology. 1992;69:1354-1358. Critical Care Accuracy    
1992 Shannahoff-Khalsa DS et al. The effects of unilateral forced nostril breathing on cognition and physiology. Sixth International Conference of Psychophysiology. 1992.   Physiology    
1992 Sramek BB. Chart for rapid determination of hemodynamic causes of hypertension. International Society on Hypertension in Blacks. 1992.   Hypertension    
1992 Sramek BB. Noninvasive system for rapid identification of deviations in volume, inotropy, vasoactivity and chronotropy in trauma victims. 14th National Trauma Symposium. 1992. ED Trauma    
1992 Thomas S. Impedance cardiography using the sramek bernstein method: accuracy and variability at rest and during exercise. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1992;34:467-476.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1992 Thomas SH, Cooper RC, Ekwuru M, Fletcher S, Gilbody J, Husseyin T, Ishaque M, Jagathesan R, Reddy G, Smith SE. Differential cardiovascular effects of propranolol, atenolol, and pindolol measured by impedance cardiography diagnostic value. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1992;42(1):47-53.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1991 Andreyev N, Bichkov I, Skutelis A, Andreyeva T. Comparison of diltiazem, nitrendipine, and their combination for systemic hypertension and stable angina pectoris. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1991;(18-9):S73-76.   Hypertension "The relative efficacies of 240 mg/day diltiazem and 20 mg/day nitrendipine were compared in a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study of 48 patients who had both moderate systemic hypertension and stable angina pectoris. Hemodynamic indices were measured by impedance cardiography and echocardiography and bicycle ergometry was performed. There were no significant differences in the antihypertensive and antianginal effects of the two drugs."  
1991 Atkins CS. AANA Journal Course: New technologies in anesthesia: update for nurse anesthetists--noninvasive, continuous, cardiac output monitoring by thoracic electrical bioimpedance. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. 1991;59(5):445-452. Surgical      
1991 Baralla A et al. Utility of impedance plethysmography for regulating dual chamber pacemakers. Cardiostim. 1992.   Pacing "Thoracic impedance is a suitable and accurate non-invasive method to assess the optimal AVD in dual chamber pacemakers."  
1991 Clancy TV, Norman K, Reynolds R, Covington D, Maxwell JG. Cardiac output measurement in critical care patients: thoracic electrical bioimpedance versus thermodilution. The Journal of Trauma. 1991;31(6):1116-1121. Critical Care Accuracy    
1991 Cugini P. Circadian rhythm of cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and related variables by a beat-to-beat monitoring. Chronobiology International. 1991;10(1):73-78.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1991 de mey C et al. Noninvasive assessment of the inodilator action of amrinone in healthy man. Eur J Pharmacolol. 1991;40(4):373-378.   IV inotropic therapy    
1991 Domingo E, Gilabert MR, Alio J, Angel J, Soler-Soler J. Effect of drugs on a noninvasive index of arterial compliance in healthy and heart failure patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1991 Oct;24(2):93-8.   CHF "Thus captopril and/or furosemide increased arterial compliance in heart failure but not in healthy subjects, possibly through changes in arterial wall edema and smooth muscle contraction."
1991 Grundy D et al. Trans-thoracic fluid shifts and endocrine responses to 6 degree head down tilt. Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine. 1991;62(10):923-929.   Fluid Management    
1991 Heilmann L, Gerhold S, Tempelhoff G, Pollow K. The role of intravenous volume expansion in moderate pre-eclampsia.

Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2001;25(3-4):83-9.

   Obstetrics "Volume expansion with HES has the effect of reducing systemic vascular resistance. For these reasons we recommend a maintenance of plasma volume with approximately 500 ml of colloid solution daily in pre-eclamptic patients with high hematocrit, because the increase of cardia index is not to much and risk of volume overload is highly unlikely."
1991 Hemodynamic management after blood loss and reduction of fluids. BoMed Medical Mfg., Ltd. 2-4-91.   Fluid Management    
1991 Jewkes C Sear JW, Veerhoeff F, Sanders DJ, FoexP. Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output by thoracic electrical bioimpedance: a study of reproducibility and comparison with thermodilution. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1991;67:788-794. Critical Care Accuracy    
1991 Mattar JA, Shoemaker WC, Diament D, Lomar A, Lopes AC, De Freitas E, Stella FP, Factore LA. Systolic and diastolic time intervals in the critically ill patient. Critical Care Medicine. 1991;19(11):1382-1386.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1991 Mehlsen J, Bonde J, Stadeager C, et al. Reliability of impedance cardiography in measuring central hemodynamics. Clin Physiol 1991;11: 579-588.   Accuracy    
1991 Moore FA, Haenel JB, Moore EE. Alternatives to swan-ganz cardiac output monitoring. Surgical Clinics of North America. 1991;71(4):699-717. Critical Care      
1991 Nyboer J. Workable volume and flow concepts of bio-segments by electrical impedance plethysmography. Nutrition. 1991;7(6):396-408.   Technology and Application    
1991 O'Connell AJ, Tibballs J, Coulthard M. Improving agreement between thoracic bioimpedance and dye dilution cardiac output estimation in children. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 1991;19(3):434-40. Pediatric Accuracy    
1991 Patterson RP, Wang L, Raza SB. Impedance cardiography using band and regional electrodes in supine, sitting, and during exercise. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991;38:393-400.   Technology and Application    
1991 Sackner MA, Hoffman RA, Kreiger BP, et al. Thoracocardiography, part 2: Noninvasive measurement of changes in stroke volume; comparisons to impedance cardiograph. Chest 1991;99:896-903.   Accuracy    
1991 Sherwood A, Carter LS Jr, Murphy CA. Cardiac output by impedance cardiography: Two alternative methodologies compared with thermodilution. Aviat Space Environ Med 1991;62:116-122. Animal Accuracy    
1991 Sramek BB, Schaerf RHM. Effects of programmed variation in heart rate(HR) and av delay on the resting patient's hemodynamics. Europace 91. Lausanne/Switzerland. May 1991.   Pacing "In absence of compensatory effect of HR, profound vasoconstriction maintained normal MAP, while compromising global perfusion in all incorrect HR and AV delay settings."  
1991 Sramek BB, Schaerf RHM. Hemodynamic effects of the variation of the heart rate and atrio-ventricular delay in a resting patient with dual chamber pacemaker. Unpublished manuscript. Jan. 1991.   Pacing    
1991 Sramek BB. Noninvasive, real-time, hemodynamic management system. 13th Annual Int'l Conf. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1991   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1991 Sramek BB. Rapid Treatment of Hypertension by a noninvasive system identifying its hemodynamic causes. International Society on Hypertension in Blacks. 1991.   Hypertension    
1991 Thomas A, Vohra A, Pollard. The effect of haematocrit on transthoracic electrical impedance and on the calculation of cardiac output by an impedance cardiograph. Intensive Care Medicine. 1991;17:178-180.   Technology and Application    
1991 Thomas AN, Ryan J, Doran BR, Pollard BJ. Bioimpedance versus thermodilution cardiac output measurement: the bomed NCCOM3 after coronary bypass surgery. Intensive Care Medicine. 1991;17:383-386. Surgical Accuracy    
1991 Woo M, Hamilton M, Stevenson L, Vredevoe D. Comparison of thermodilution and transthoracic electrical bioimpedance cardiac outputs. Heart and Lung. 1991;20(4):357-362. Critical Care Accuracy    
Year Citation Care Area Primary Application Summary Link
1990 Albertazzi A, Del Rosso G, Di Paolo B, Cappelli P, Palmieri PF. Computerized noninvasive monitoring of cardiovascular stress in haemodialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplant. 1990;5:133-136. Dialysis Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Belz GG, Breithaupt K, Erb KA, et al. Non-invasive assessment of stroke volume in clinical pharmacology by systolic time intervals and echocardiography. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990;24:640P.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Braden DS, Leatherbury L, Treiber FA, et al. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac output in children using impedance cardiography. American Heart Journal. 1990:120(5):1166-72. Pediatric      
1990 Castor G et al. Determination of cardiac output during positive end-expiratory pressure - noninvasive electrical bioimpedance compared with standard thermodilution. Crit Care Med. 1990;18:544-546. Critical Care Accuracy    
1990 Dalal S, Yu AW, Gupta DK, Kar PM, Ing TS. L-lactate high efficiency hemodialysis: hemodynamics, blood gas exchanges, potassium/phosphorus, and symptoms. Kidney International. 1990;38:896-903. Dialysis      
1990 Eckman LG, Milsom I, Arvidson S, et al. Clinical evaluation of an ensemble-averaging impedance cardiograph for monitoring stroke volume during spontaneous breathing. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34;190-196.   Accuracy    
1990 Halabi A, Endell W, Halabi I, Kirch W. Hemodynamic effects of brefanolol and propranolol assessed by noninvasive methods in patients with arterial hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1990;16(1):81-86.   Hypertension "Blood pressure, heart rate, and various hemodynamic parameters were assessed noninvasively by mechano- and impedance cardiography as well as by venous occlusion plethysmography before and 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 h after drug administration. Treatment with propranolol resulted in the typical hemodynamic changes induced by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent characterized by a significant reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, and an increase in total peripheral resistance."  
1990 Hinrichsen H, Halabi A, Kirch W. Hemodynamic effects of different H2-receptor antagonists. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;48: 302-308.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Huang KC et al. Stroke volume measurements by electrical bioimpedance and echocardiography in healthy volunteers. Crit Care Med. 1990;18(11):1274-1278.   Accuracy    
1990 Jivegard L et al. Cardiac output determination determinations in the pig: Thoracic electrical bioimpedance versus thermodilution thermodilution. Crit Care Med 1990;18:995-998. Animal Accuracy    
1990 Jivegard L, Arfvidsson B, Frid I, Halijamae H, Holm J. Cardiac output in patients with acute lower limb ischemia of presumed embolic origin -- a predictor of severity and outcome? European Journal of Vascular Surgery. 1990;4(4):401-407. Critical Care      
1990 Kawana S et al. Halothane-nitrous oxide and hemodynamics on children. Dept of Anesthesiology. Sapporo Medical College. Japan. 1990. Pediatric      
1990 Kelsey RM, Guethlein W. An evaluation of the ensemble averaged impedance cardiogram. Psychophysiology. 1999;27(1):24-33.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Klocke RK et al. Non-invasive assessment of hemodynamics in patients with different pacemaker functions using bioimpedance. Pacemaker Therapy and Electrophysiology. 1990;1:18-26.   Pacing "Patients' individual hemodynamic parameters have to be considered as separate entities and not generally classified. In our opinion the bioimpedance method significantly contributes towards optimizing the indication for and the programming of rate-responsive pacemakers."  
1990 La Mantia KR, O'Connor T, Barash PG. Comparing methods of measurement: An alternative approach. Anesthesiology 1990;72:1-3.   Accuracy    
1990 Lathers CM, Diamandis PH, Riddle JM, et al. Acute and intermediate cardiovascular responses to zero gravity and to fractional gravity levels induced by head-down or head-up tilt. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30:494-523.   Physiology    
1990 Linb G, Eisenberg BM. Noninvasive techniques for evaluation of heart function and hemodynamics in arterial hypertension. Acta Cardiol. 1990;45:133-139.   Hypertension "For the estimation of pump function we use mainly quantitative radiocardiography and impedance cardiography at rest and during dynamic and isometric exercise."  
1990 Masaki DI et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance derived hemodynamic measurements during regional anesthesia: Correlation with maternal hypotension. 8th ACCA. 1990:FP1-3. OB Hypotension    
1990 Masaki DI et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance derived systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI) as a predictor of Maternal hypotension during regional anesthesia. 8th asian & australasian Congress on Anesthesia(AACA). 1990. Seoul, Korea:FP1-2. OB Hypotension    
1990 Mattar JA, Salas CE, Bernstein DP, Lehr D, Bauer R. Hemodynamic changes after an intensive short-term exercise and nutrition program in hypertensive and obese patients with and without coronary disease. Archives of Brasilian Cardiology. 1990; 54(5):307-312.   Hypertension "In a selected population, this rehabilitation program is effective for hemodynamic improvement that can be partially explained by metabolic and biochemical changes already reported from this center."  
1990 McDougall J et al. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance measurements of cardiac output associated with position changes under anesthesia. 8th AACA. 1990:FP9-1. Surgical      
1990 Mehlsen J et al. A comparison of systolic time intervals measured by impedance cardiography and cartoid pulse tracing. Dan Med Bull. 1990;37(1):93-95.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Mickell JJ. Trending of impedance-monitored cardiac variables: Method and statistical power analysis of 100 control studies in a pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 1990;18-645-650. Pediatric      
1990 Millar LK et al. Noninvasive hemodynamic measurements during ritodrine hydrochloride tocolysis for preterm labor. Society for Gynecologic Investigation. 1990. OB      
1990 Musumeci V, Cardillo C, Guerrera G, Tutinelli F, Folli G. Heterogeneity of individual changes in total peripheral resistance after monotherapy with nicardipine, enalapril or ketanserin in hypertensives at rest and during exercise. Journal of Drug Development. 1990;3(2):77-85.   Hypertension "30 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomly allocated to three matched groups receiving either nicardipine, enalapril, or ketaserin for four weeks. Haemodymnamics were measured at rest and during isometric and dynamic exercise by computer-assisted impedance cardiography coupled with standard sphygmonanometry. No correlation was found in any treatment group between drug-induced changes in TPR and mean arterial pressure. In conclusion, successful reduction of blood pressure by drugs with known vasodilating activity may occur in hypertensive individuals unrelated to the expected reduction in TPR."  
1990 Northridge DB, Findlay IN, Wilson J, Henderson E, Dargie HJ. Non-invasive determination of cardiac output by doppler echocardiography and electrical bioimpedance. British Heart Journal. 1990;64(5):347-348.   Accuracy    
1990 Patterson RP, Wang L, Raza B, et al. Mapping the cardiogenic impedance signal on the thoracic surface. Med Biol Eng Comput 1990;28: 212-216.   Technology and Application    
1990 Pepke-Zaba J, Higenbottam TW, Kinh Xuan AT, Scott JP, English TA, Wallwork J. Validation of impedance cardiography measurements of cardiac output during limited exercise in heart transplant recipients. Transpl Int. 1990;3(2):108-112. Transplant Accuracy    
1990 Rees M, Haennel RG, Black WR, Kappagoda T. Effect of rate adapting atrioventricular delay on stroke volume and cardiac output during atrial synchronous pacing. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 1990;6(10):445-452.   Pacing "A trend toward increased stroke volume with a rate-adapting atrioventricular delay was observed. Stroke volume was 13% larger with a rate-adapting atrioventricular delay of 125ms at a heart rate of 125 beats/min."  
1990 Santoro A, Mancini E, Spongano M, Rossi M, Paolini F, Zucchelli P. A hemodynamic study of hypotension during hemodialysis using electrical bioimpedance cardiography. Nephrology Dialysis Transplant. 1990;(5-1):147-153. Dialysis Hypotension    
1990 Sherwood A et al. Methodological guidelines for impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology. 1990;27(1):1-23.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, Gorman JM. Psychophysiological reactivity in cardiac transplant recipients. Psychophysiology. 1990;27(2):187-194. Transplant Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Spahn DR et al. Noninvasive versus invasive assessment of cardiac output after cardiac surgery: Clinical validation. J Cardiothorac Anesth 1990;4:46-59.   Accuracy    
1990 Spiess BD et al. Bioimpedance compared to p.a. catheter during liver transplantation. 8th AACA. 1990:FP3-4. Surgical Accuracy    
1990 Spinale FG, Hendrick DA, Crawford FA, Carebello BA. Relationship between bioimpedance, thermodilution, and ventriculographic measurements in experimental congestive heart failure diagnostic value of ICG in clinical setting for ventricular pump performance. Cardiovascular Research. 1990;24(5):423-429.   Heart Failure    
1990 Sramek BB et al. Hemodynamic changes in ddd-pacer patients at rest caused by variation of av-delay and by vvi-mode. 2nd Int'l Congr on Rate Adaptive Card Pacing. 1990,Germany.   Pacing "The manufacturer-suggested AV delay produced an optimal hemodynamic state in only two of seven patients."  
1990 Sramek BB, Schaerf R. Hemodynamic changes in pacemaker patients in different pacemaker programming modes. Cardiostim. 1990.   Pacing "The results of this preliminary study suggest that at rest: 1) the optimal hemodynamic state of the pacemaker patient cannot be determined without a complete hemodynamic measurement; 2) the multiple complexities of pacemaker programming available now and in future products require and will require easily obtained, noninvasive hemodynamic measurements to insure proper programming."  
1990 Sullivan PJ et al. Comparison of bioimpedance and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output during aortic surgery. Canadian Anesthesia. 1990;37:S78. Surgical Accuracy    
1990 Thomas SHL, Molyneux P, Kelley J, et al. The cardiovascular effects of oral nifedipine and nicardipine: A double-blind comparison in healthy volunteers using transthoracic bioimpedance cardiography. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 39:233-240.   Cardiac Function Assessment    
1990 Tomlinson B et al. Reproducibility of immediate change in cardiac output with standing assessed by electrical bioimpedance cardiography. British Pharmac. Society Meeting. Sept 1990.   Reproducibility    
1990 White SW, Quail AW, de Leeuw PW, et al. Impedance cardiography for cardiac output measurement: An evaluation of accuracy and limitations. Eur Heart J 1990;11:79-92.   Accuracy    
1990 Wong DH et al. Noninvasive cardiac output: Simultaneous comparison of two different methods with thermodilution. J Anesth. 1990;72:0004-0012. Critical Care Accuracy    
1990 World MJ et al. Estimation of cardiac output by bioimpedance cardiography. J R Army Med Corps 1990; 136:92-99.   Technology and Application